Forearm

Question 1

List and describe the functions and attachments of the flexor compartment muscles- superficial layer

Answer 1

-they all have origin at the medial epicondyle

1. pronator teres
   - attachment at medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of the ulna (teres means two heads)
   - fx: 2 names so 2 functions- (1) flex wrist and (2) pronation
2. flexor carpi radialis
   - attachment at medial epicondyle
   - distal attachment at the base of the 2nd metacarpal (because it is “carpi”
   - fx: 3 functions bc 3 names so - flex the wrist, flex the elbow and ABduction of the wrist
3. palmaris longus
   - attachment at the medial epicondyle
   - distal attachment at the palmar aponeurosis and the flexor retinaculum ( so long you can “see it”)
   - fx: 2 names, 2 function- (1) hand @ wrist joint (“palmaris” ) and (2) flex forearm bc so long at elbow jt
   * not present in all people
4. flexor digitorum superficialis
   - proximal is the medial epicondyle/ humeroulnar head
   - distal is shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
   - fx :3 names, 3 functions- (1) flex MIP, PIP (2) , flex elbow and (3) wrists
5. flexor carpi ulnaris
   - insertion is the hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal, pisiform
   - 3 names, 3 functions- flex hand at wrist (2) ADDuct hand
6. flex forearm

Question 2

flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 2

5. flexor carpi ulnaris
   - insertion is the hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal, pisiform
   - 3 names, 3 functions- flex hand at wrist (2) ADDuct hand
6. flex forearm

Question 3

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 3

4. flexor digitorum superficialis
   - proximal is the medial epicondyle/ humeroulnar head
   - distal is shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
   - fx :3 names, 3 functions- (1) flex MIP, PIP (2) , flex elbow and (3) wrists

Question 4

palmaris longus

Answer 4

3. palmaris longus
   - attachment at the medial epicondyle
   - distal attachment at the palmar aponeurosis and the flexor retinaculum ( so long you can “see it”)
   - fx: 2 names, 2 function- (1) hand @ wrist joint (“palmaris” ) and (2) flex forearm bc so long at elbow jt
   * not present in all people

Question 5

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 5

2. flexor carpi radialis
   - attachment at medial epicondyle
   - distal attachment at the base of the 2nd metacarpal (because it is “carpi”
   - fx: 3 functions bc 3 names so - flex the wrist, flex the elbow and ABduction of the wrist

Question 6

pronator teres

Answer 6

1. pronator teres
   - attachment at medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of the ulna (teres means two heads)
   - fx: 2 names so 2 functions- (1) flex wrist and (2) pronation

Question 7

list the 3 muscles of the deep layer of the flexor compartment of the forearm

Answer 7

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

Question 8

pronator quadratus

Answer 8

-attachment at the 1/4 ant ulna
distal attachment is the surface of the radius

fx:
- pronation

Question 9

flexor pollicis longus

Answer 9

prox attach: ant radius and interosseous membrane
distal: base of phalanx thumb
(think polluc, thumb)

fx:
flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb

Question 10

flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 10

origin:
posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane

insertion: base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
* works together with the flexor digitorum superficialis
fx: flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints

(superficial doesn’t do distal: flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints)

Question 11

follow the course of the ulnar nerve in the arm and forearm what does it innervate?

where does it branch

Answer 11

in the brachial region:
it passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus

in the forearm region:

• it parallels the ulna
• and runs btwn the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
• also supplies the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (think deep needs ulnar)
• also courses with the ulnar artery

branches:
branches into dorsal and palmar cutaneous nerves
-these give palm sensation under the pinky and ring finger

and then in the hand we get superficial and deep branches

think “ulnot” so does whatever the median or radial doesn’t do.

also median recurrent does LOAF and ulnar deep branch dos the rest like interossei, lumbricals 3 and 4 and

Question 12

describe the path of the median nerve and what it innervates in the forearm and palm

Answer 12

begins in brachial plexus from the lateral and medial cords.

• runs anterior in the cubital fossa
• B&B sandwhich: btwn the bicipital aponeurosis and the brachialis
• then passes through the pronator teres, deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis
• innervates all the forearm flexors except the FCU and the medial part of the FDP bc the ulnar nerve does those ones

then the medial recurrent does LOAF: