Anatomy - Upper Limb > ForeArm > Flashcards

ForeArm Flashcards

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1
Q

The deep fascia of the forearm is the

A

antebrachial fascia

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2
Q

the antebrachial fascia is strengthened by

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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3
Q

the antebrachial fascia forms a ____ _________ which gives origin to:

A

strong aponeurosis

a. flexor capri ulnaris
b. extensor capri ulnaris
c. flexor digitorum profundus

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4
Q

antebrachial forms 2 bands in the wrist called

A

flexor retinaculum

entensor retinaculum

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5
Q

definition and site of cubital fossa

A

triangular hollow in front of elbow

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6
Q

cubital fossa- boundaries
base
lateral
medial

A

base - passes through two epicondyles of humerus
lateral - brachio-radialis muscle
medial - pronator teres muscle

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7
Q

cubital fossa boundaries
apex
floor

A

apex - meeting of brachio-radialis overlapping pronator teres
floor- brachialis and supinator

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8
Q

roof of cubital fossa is formed by

A

superficial fascia and skin

deep fascia

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9
Q

superficial fascia and skin contains

A
  1. parts of cephalic & basilic veins & median cubital vein (connects them)
  2. anterior branches of lateral and medial cutaneous nerves
  3. supra-trochlear lymph nodes (in upper roof)
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10
Q

deep fascia is reinforced/strengthened by

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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11
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A
  1. Medial Nerve
  2. termination of brachial artery and beginning of ulnar and radial arteries:
  3. Brachial artery lies in middle of cubital fossa
  4. tendon of biceps
  5. Radial nerve and beginning of its posterior interosseous branch

2TMBR

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12
Q

the ulnar artery and radial artery leave the cubital fossa by

A

ulnar - passing between two heads of pronator teres

radial- descend through apex

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13
Q

tendon of biceps in cubital fossa is inserted into

A

radial tuberosity

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14
Q

the radial/posterior interosseous branch leaves the cubital fossa by

A

piercing the supinator muscle

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15
Q

the bicipital aponeurosis

A

separates median cubital vein from median nerve and brachial artery

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16
Q

superficial group muscles of forearm

A

4 superficial muscles -

  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor capri radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor capri ulnaris

1 deep muscle
1. flexor digitorum superficialis

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17
Q

deep group muscles of forearm

A

2 superficial muscles

  1. flexor pollicis longus
  2. flexor digitorum profundus

1 deep muscle
1. pronator quadratus muscle

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18
Q

common flexor origin - superficial group of muscles

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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19
Q

common nerve supply - superficial group of muscles

A

medial nerve

except flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve

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20
Q

common action - superficial group of muscles

A
  1. flexion of wrist (except pronator teres)

2. weak flexion of elbow

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21
Q

pronator teres origin

A

two heads
1. humeral head - more superficial and larger head. arises from common flexor origin

  1. ulnar head - smaller & deeper. arises from coronoid process of ulna
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22
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

pronator tuberosity on shaft of radius

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23
Q

action of pronator teres

A
  1. powerful pronation of forearm (at radio-ulnar joints)

2. weak flexion of elbow

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24
Q

relations of pronator teres

A

median nerve enters forearm between its two heads

ulnar artery passes deep to two heads of muscle

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25
flexor capri radialis muscle origin
common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
26
flexor capri radialis insertion
passes through flexor retinaculum to insert into palmar surfaces of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone
27
flexor capri action
common action: 1. flexion of wrist (except pronator teres) 2. weak flexion of elbow + abducts hand
28
palmaris longus muscle origin
common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
29
palmaris longus muscle insertion
passes flexor retinaculum to insert into apex of palmar aponeurosis
30
palmaris longus muscle action
common action + makes palmar aponeurosis tense to give protection to structures in palm of hand
31
flexor capri ulnaris muscle origin
2 heads humeral - common flexor ulnar- olecranion process of ulna by aponeurosis
32
flexor capri ulnaris insertion
pisiform bone (right above palm on wrist)
33
flexor capti ulnaris action
common flexor + abducts hand
34
flexor digitorum superficialis origin
2 heads humero-ulnar head - common flexor + coranoid process of ulna radial - anterior oblique line of radius
35
flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
4 tendons divide into 2 strips each. 2 strips are inserted on shaft of middle phalanx
36
flexor digitorum superficialis action
common action + | flexes metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal inter-phalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers
37
Deep group muscles common nerve supply
anterior interosseous branch of median nerve EXCEPT medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve
38
flexor digitorum profundus muscle origin
1. shaft of ulna | 2. interosseous membrane (b/w radius & ulna)
39
flexor digitorum profundus insertion
ends in 4 tendons that insert into distal phalanx
40
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexes all joints of medial 4 fingers and wrist
41
flexor pollicis longus muscle origin
1. shaft of radius below anterior oblique line | 2. interosseous membrane
42
flexor pollicis longus insertion
phalanx of thumb
43
flexor pollicis longus muscle action
flexes all joints of thumb & wrist
44
the 8 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are surrounded by
common flexor synovial sheath (ulnar bursa) tendon of flexor pollicis longus is surrounded by its synovial sheath (radial bursa)
45
pronator quadratus muscle origin
oblique ridge on shaft of ulna | DEEPEST MUSCLE ON FOREARM
46
pronator quadratus muscle insertion
shaft of radius
47
pronator quadratus action
pronates forarm at radio-ulnar joints
48
muscles of the back of the forearm are
extensors
49
superficial group - muscles of back of forearm
5EAB 1. Brachio-radialis 2. extensor capri radialis longus 3. extensor capri radialis brevis 4. extensor digitorum 5. extensor digiti minimi 6. extensor capri ulnaris 7. anconeus
50
common extensor origin for superficial group of muscles (back of forearm)
lateral epicondyle of humerus | except brachioradialis, extensor capri radialis longus and anconeus
51
brachioradialis origin
upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | lateral intermuscular septum of arm
52
brachioradialis insertion
lower end of radius above styloid process
53
brachioradialis nerve supply
radial nerve
54
action of brachioradialis
1. puts forearm in midprone position | 2. flexes elbow joint
55
extensor carpi radialis longus origin
1. lower 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | 2. lateral intermuscular septum of arm
56
extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
by long flat tendon into base of 2nd metacarpal bone
57
extensor carpi radialis nerve supply
radial nerve
58
action of extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts wrist
59
extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
common extensor origin
60
extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
base of 3rd metacarpal bone
61
extensor carpi radialis brevis nerve supply
branch from posterior interosseous nerve
62
extensor carpi radialis brevis action
same as extensor carpi radialis longus
63
extensor digitorum origin
common extensor origin
64
extensor digitorum insertion
reaches phalanges of medial four fingers then each tendon joins extensor expansion of corresponding finger
65
extensor digitorum action
1. extends metacarpo-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers 2. assists in extension of wrist
66
extensor expansion definition
strong triangular sheet that covers proximal phalanx of each of medial 4 fingers. Receives extensor tendons of digits and tendons of lumbricals and interossei
67
structure of extesor expansion
thick middle part formed by: 1 of 4 tendons of extensor digitorum tendon of little finger is joined by tendon of digiti minimi tendon of index is joined by tendon of etensor indicis two margins formed by tendons of lumbricals and interossei
68
extensor expansion attachment
approaches proximal interphalangeal joint then divide into intermediate (attached to middle phalanx) part and 2 collateral parts (attached to terminal phalanx)
69
extensor digiti minimi origin
common extensor origin
70
extensor digiti minimi insertion
extensor expansion of little finger
71
extensor digiti minimi action
1. extends little finger | 2. assists in extension of wrist
72
extensor carpi ulnaris origin
1. common extension origin | 2. ulna by aponeurosis
73
extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
base of 5th metacarpal bone
74
action of extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts wrist
75
anconeus origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus by seperate tendon
76
anconeus insertion
back of olecranon process of ulna
77
anconeus action
assists triceps in extending elbow
78
the anconeus is considered the ______ because _____
4th head of triceps has same action covered expansion from triceps tendon takes nerve supply from radial nerve as it runs in spiral groove
79
deep group muscles of back of arm
1. supinator 2. extensor pollicis brevis 3. abductor pollicis longus 4. extensor pollicis longus 5. extensor indicis
80
common nerve of the deep extensors
posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve
81
supinator origin
surrounds upper third of shaft of radius 1. supinator crest and fossa of ulna 2. lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament
82
supinator insertion
radius above oblique lines
83
supinator action
supinates the forearm at radio-ulnar joints
84
supinator important relations
pierced by posterior interosseous nerve which splits it into 2 layers
85
abductor pollicis longus origin
1. shaft of ulna below anconeus 2. interosseous membrane 3. radius just below supinator insertion
86
abductor pollicis longus insertion
first metacarpal bone (thumb)
87
action of abductor pollicis longus
1. abducts thumb 2. helps abduct wrist 3. can flex wrist which helps when median and ulnar nerve become paralyzed
88
extensor pollicis brevis origin
shaft of radius below origin of abductor pollicis longus
89
extensor pollicis brevis insertion
proximal phalanx of thumb
90
extensor pollicis brevis action
extends metacarpo-phalangeal and carpo-metacarpal joints of thumb
91
extensor pollicis longus origin
shaft of ulna under origin of abductor pollices
92
extensor pollicis longus insertion
distal phalanx of thumb
93
extensor pollicis longus action
extends all joints of thumb
94
extensor indicis origin
shaft of ulna under extensor pollicis longus | interosseous membrane
95
extensor indicis insertion
joins tendon of extensor digitorum going to index finger to form extensor expansion of index
96
extensor indicis action
1. extends index finder | 2. helps in extending wrist
Anatomy - Upper Limb
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