tudors 2 - henry viii > foreign policy > Flashcards

foreign policy Flashcards

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1
Q

who was france ruled by and who was it succeeded by

A

Louis XII succeeded by francis I

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2
Q

when did Francis I succeed

A

1515

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3
Q

who was spain ruled by and who succeeded

A

ferdinand of aragon succeeded by charles v

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4
Q

when did charles v succeed? who did he become

A

1519
charles I of Spain and became Charles V

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5
Q

when did the holy roman emperor Maximilian die

A

1519

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6
Q

who was involved and won the holy roman empire elections

A

francis I and Charles V
Charles V won

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7
Q

what land does charles V inherit

A

land in spain down the east, netherlandsm austria, naples

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8
Q

why was the land charles v inherited a problem for francis I

A

france was encircled by Habsburg territory

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9
Q

what was the Habsburg-Valois rivalry

A

struggle for domination between the french royal family and the Habsburg empire/ Charles V

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10
Q

what role did the papacy have in foreign affairs

A

to provide moral judgements in disputes - had moral authority

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11
Q

what kind of leaders is henry dealing with by 1919

A

younger, less experienced and similar ages and warlike leaders

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12
Q

what were henrys foreign policy aims

A

make a status - warrior king, chivalry
wants to pursue french throne as previous kings had french throne (henry V)
wants personal glory + independence

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13
Q

what were wolseys foreign policy aims

A
  • build henrys prestige + honour - fufill his wishes
  • build his own wealth and prestige
  • serve interestes of pope, ambitions to become pope
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14
Q

what happened in 1512

A

the first french expedition, henry invaded southwest france

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15
Q

who did henry join in 1512, who did it involve

A

anti-french holy league
pope, ferdinand of aragon, maximilian

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16
Q

how did ferdinand use henrys expedition to france in 1512

A

used it as a diversion to draw Louis XII from his own armies

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17
Q

when was the battle of Flodden

A

1513

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18
Q

what happened at the battle of Flodden + who won it

A

achieved by Catherine of Aragon
whilst henry was in france, James IV invaded scotland to support france, James IV was killed so it secured the northern border

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19
Q

when was the second french expedition

A

1513

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20
Q

what was the battle and what happened in the second french expedition 1513

A

Battle of Spurs
capture of Therouanne, Tournai

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21
Q

when and why was the french war in 1513 cut short

A

by 1514 cut short
Ferdinand and Maximilian made separate peace with france for own benefits behind henry, henry had limited resources

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22
Q

what happened as part of negotiations to end the french war in 1514

A

Henrys sister Mary had to marry Louis XII which was good for Henrys honour

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23
Q

when was the treaty of london

A

October 1518

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24
Q

what was the treaty of london

A

europe threatened by turkey emerging
Pope wanted to crusade against turkey
wolsey took advantage of this - major conference called and agreed on universal peace and friendship

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25
what was henrys role in the treaty of london
to act as an arbiter of disputes
26
how many European powers was at the treaty of London
20 european powers
27
when was treaty of bruges
1521
28
what was the treaty of bruges
Henrys attempt to further claim to be king of France, Habsburg-Valois rivalry leading to warfare Wolseys travelled to meet Charles V in Bruges, agreed that they'd declare war in france Henrys daughter Mary I betrothed to Charles V
29
what was Englands population at the time of henry viii compared to France and the Holy Roman Empire
2.75million for England 15 million for France 23 million for roman empire
30
during the 1520s, what position was France in with England?
'Auld alliance' constant threat to England
31
what position was Antwerp in for England in the 1520s
most important trading point in Europe vital for cloth trade
32
what position was the holy roman empire in for england in the 1520s
hundreds of separate states princes of states guarded their independence very powerful + lots of land
33
what position was Burgundy in for England in 1520s
Habsburg territory taken by France in 1477, Charles V wanted to reclaim it
34
when did Charles V take back the territory of Burgundy
Became duke of burgundy in 1506 + inherited it
35
what was the Ottoman empire
empire created by turkish tribes
36
who was involved in the ottoman empire
greece, turkey, romania, hungary, north africa
37
who were the Jagiellons
powerful european dynasty ruling over lithuania, hungary, poland, bohemia
38
what position was Hungary in the 1520s
Jagiellon family most important royal family in 16th century Charles V married into the family
39
who was the holy roman emperor in the 1520s
Charles V brother
40
Who was Ferdinand I
brother of Charles V Archduke of Austria
41
Who did Ferdinand I marry
Married into Jagiellon family
42
who did the ottoman empire have conflict with
Jageillon family
43
what position was position Ottoman Empire in 1520s
highly disciplined Jannisary army very strong
44
What position was Naples in for England for 1520s
Taken by Spain in 1504 Claimed by the French multiple times
45
what position was Milan in for England in 1520s
Property of Sforza family
46
What position was North Africa in 1520s
Part of Ottoman Empire Charles V concerned and led campaigns against Ottomans in Africa
47
What position was Mediterranean in for England 1520s
Dominated by Ottomans Allies
48
What position was Spain in for England 1520s
Source of Charles V money and men Navarre claimed by Spanish + French
49
What position was France in 1520s
All english kings claimed French throne France preoccupied with rising power of Habsburgs
50
What position was Netherlands in for England 1520s
Controlled by Charles V Border claimed/fought over by French/Habsburgs
51
after the treaty of London, what happened between Henry, Francis and Charles?
- Habsburg-Valois rivalry tension increasing - France and spain looked to england as potential ally - left england with decision to make ally, or continue peace making policy - 1520 held intergovernmental meetings with Charles V and Francis I
52
when did henry meet Charles V and where
May 1520, London promised to meet again before end of year
53
When did Henry meet Francis and what was the event
Field of Cloth of Gold 7th June 1520
54
where was the Field of Cloth of Gold
outside Calais, in northern France near English Channel
55
what was at the Field of Cloth of Gold event
- great feasts, cardboard palace - jousting tournament
56
how long did the field of cloth of gold last and how many attended?
lasted over 2 weeks 6000 nobles from england and france
57
how much did the field of cloth of gold cost
worth Henrys annual income
58
what impact did the field of cloth of gold have on European diplomacy
- strengthened English nobility of views of French - No agreements made between countries - some argue it was oppurtunity for monarchs to show off - enhanced Wolseys favour from Henry
59
When did henry meet Charles V for a second time?
July 1520 for a couple months
60
what was agreed during the meeting between Charles and Henry July 1520
that three power conference would be held at Calais in July 1521, with England acting as honest broker between the superpowers
61
why was it likely that England would side with Charles V at their second meeting
- Englands traditional hostility with France - Englands important trade links with Netherlands - Papal policy was anti-french + wolsey wanted to stay in favour of pope - Charles offered to marry Henry VIIIs daughter - He was nephew of Catherine of Aragon
62
what was the outcome of the August 1521 meeting with Habsburg and France
- 2nd half of 1520, 1st half of 1521, Charles dealing with revolt in Spain, Calais conference delayed - In meeting, Francis threatening to expand territories in Northern Italy against Charles, ignoring Treaty of London - Wolsey met with Charles after Calais conference collapsed
63
what did Wolsey and Charles negotiate an agreement on - Calais meeting 1521
- English army would invade France unless French king would agree to make peace with Spain by 1523 - Spain would have access to English Channel - Spain would pay compensation to English for any loss of French pensions - Englands access to Netherlands markets would continue
64
what was England's role in the war with France in 1522-23
- War was unpopular in england because of heavy tax increases - people saw it as only helping spain achieve ambitions
65
when was the second french war? what did it achieve
May 1522 achieved little due to lack of support from Charles forces
66
during the second french war, what oppurtunity did england get
- 1523, duke of Bourbon rebelled against king - charles + wolsey agreed to launch attack on france
67
how much did wolsey and charles attack on france in the second world war cost
second english army at cost of £400,000
68
what was the consequence of the second attack in the second french war
- Charles had limited funds to raise another campaign - English army left stranded in northern france with bad weather + low supplies - army back home, end of 1523 Wolsey seeking peace with French whilst charles demanding for further military action
69
when was the marignano battle? what was it?
1515, between french army and Swiss confederacy, francis I won milan captured
70
why was the second french war unsuccessful
charles V concentrated on northern italy forced by unpopular loans - inheritance ran out
71
when was the battle of pavia
1525
72
what was the battle of pavia
northern italy between charles and francis charles V is victorious france taking prisoner
73
what was the idea of the first expedition in second french war
henry would march to paris backed up by charles forces english force returns without achieving this
74
when and why was the amicable grant demanded
unpopular non-parliamentary tax failed wolsey blaned england unable to capitalise on frances weakness charles V abandoned henry
75
when was the sack of rome
1527
76
what was the sack of rome
charles V forces sacked rome pope held captive for his own protection
77
when and what was the treaty of More
when francis gets released, reannonced treatys friendship treaty in 1525
78
what was league of cognac + when
1526 england took protector status
79
what and when was treaty of Amiens
1527 england agreed to attack netherlands to support france disrupted cloth trade protests in england
80
what was peace of cambrai and when
1529 charles V victorious in italy france and papacy came to terms with him
81
how was england left bt 1529
england isolated + no alliances the great matter becomes important
82
why was the 1512 french war a failure
henry was allies with ferdinand to go to war against france but he was ureliable and english troops were ill-equipped so forced to retreat
83
when and what was the battle of spurs
august 1513 organised by wolsey - capture of theoranne and tournai
84
what positio was englad in by 1517
isolated 1516 ferdinand died, charles refused to renew alliance with francis, maximilian signed treaty with francis
85
why was the second french war in 1523 a failure
french campaign failed as charles V had problems raising money for troops and cost england £400,000
86
why was the battle of pavia a failure for henry viii
charles invaded italy, took milan, captured francis, kept pope as virtual prisoner divorce would be difficult + charles cancelled marriage contract with many
87
why was the league of cognac a failure
failed due to battle of pavia as charles held so much power
88
what did henry do in 1528 regarding trade against charles V
stopped trade with netherlands protests over workers who were dependent on cloth market, so a truce with netherlands had to be made
89
how much did henry spend on fighting wars between 1511 and 1525
1.4million pounds
90
why did wolsey create a trade embargo i 1528
to force charles into negotiations
91
what was league of cognac
a military alliance formed in 1526 to oppose the Habsburg Empire, primarily under Charles V france, pope, milan, venice
tudors 2 - henry viii
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