Foreign Policy

Question 1

how did Charles preserve security with France?

Answer 1

preserved northern frontier w/ France

Question 2

what did Francis I of France do in 1521?

Answer 2

• launched attack on Navarre and captured Pamplona

- soon driven out by Spanish nobles

Question 3

when did Spanish secure Naples?

Answer 3

1525 won battle of Pavia and secured Naples

Question 4

when did Spanish secure Milan?

Answer 4

1529 peace of Cambrai

Question 5

when did French launch their final expedition?

Answer 5

• 1528-29

- Charles defeated them at Battle of Landriano in 1529

Question 6

how did Italy benefit Spain?

Answer 6

• helped control Turkish threat and protect spain

- trade benefits

Question 7

were French wars to do w/ Spain?

Answer 7

no. had little to do directly with Spanish interests

Question 8

how did FP w/ France damage spain?

Answer 8

created tension and led to French feeling they were surrounded by Hapsburg empire

Question 9

what countries did Charles control?

Answer 9

spain, naples, HRE and LC

Question 10

what did French do in 1540?

Answer 10

allowed turks to use toulon as a winter base

Question 11

how did Charles attempt to recover his overlordships of Metz?

Answer 11

• 1550-52
• costly siege and a failure
• spent 2.5m ducats on siege
• at time interest rates charged by foreign bankers were over 50%

Question 12

how did Charles act towards Portugal?

Answer 12

maintained alliance created by F+I

Question 13

when did Charles marry Isabella of Portugal?

Answer 13

1526

Question 14

when did prince Philip marry Mary of Portugal?

Answer 14

1543

Question 15

when did Joanna marry heir to Portuguese throne?

Answer 15

1542

Question 16

how did marriages benefit spain?

Answer 16

created close relationship between crowns of Portugal and Spain, ensuring no conflict

Question 17

how did spain benefit Charles reputation?

Answer 17

as a great emperor as it increased reputation of spain

Question 18

what did the campaigns in Germany and LC do?

Answer 18

confirmed Spain’s great power status and gave prestige throughout Europe

Question 19

how did wars help to control nobles?

Answer 19

• provided opportunities for grandees and hidalgos to be in Charles’ many armies
• opportunity for honour and prestige, which would then reward them with advancement and financial rewards

Question 20

what was the Spanish army like?

Answer 20

grew to be best army in Europe

Question 21

how did Charles’s FP affect govt?

Answer 21

caused Charles to be absent from Spain for long periods of time

Question 22

why was there absentee govt 1520-22?

Answer 22

Charles left Spain to be elected emperor of HRE

Question 23

what did absentee govt in 1520-22 lead to?

Answer 23

• political turmoil and two revolts
• comuneros and germania
• played a part in French attack of Navarre in 1521 as Francis, looked to take advantage of unrest in Spain

Question 24

how did the affect of abseentism change over time?

Answer 24

1529-56, Charles only spent 6yrs in Spain, but no political turmoil as he had established strong govt

Question 25

how did policy against Turks affect spain?

Answer 25

weakened spain in med as he lost territory F+I had won

Question 26

what did Charles lose in N. Africa in 1529?

Answer 26

Penn of Algiers

Question 27

what did Charles capture in N. Africa in 1535?

Answer 27

Tunis

Question 28

which areas of N. Africa did he lose in 1550s?

Answer 28

- Tripoli lost 1551 - penon de velez 1554 - bougie 1555

Question 29

how did loss of N. Africa towns weaken Spain?

Answer 29

- increased piracy in Valencia | - disrupted med trade

Question 30

when did Charles fight turks in central Europe?

Answer 30

1520s and 1530s

Question 31

when did turks lay siege to Vienna?

Answer 31

- 1529 lay siege to Vienna with 100,000 men - returned in 1532 - Charles took his armies to defend the city and catholicism

Question 32

what did the 1527 cortes of Valladolid say about the war?

Answer 32

refused to pay for war as it was in the Spanish sphere of interest

Question 33

did policies in HRE benefit spain?

Answer 33

no - left spain, in particular Castile, in huge financial debt

Question 34

what did Charles do with HRE in 1531?

Answer 34

- Charles successfully ensured that his brother Ferdinand was elected as his heir to HRE - cost him further debts to foreign bankers to pay for bribes - caused further political tensions in HRE as opponents resented Charles's actions

Question 35

at what battle was Charles victorious against protestants?

Answer 35

battle of Muhlberg in 1547 over German Protestant Schmalkaldic league

Question 36

did victory at Muhlberg defat protestants?

Answer 36

-did not bring him closer to victory as it inspired another alliance of enemies against him and another expensive war to fund

Question 37

what alliance was formed in 1552?

Answer 37

alliance of Maurice of Saxony

Question 38

who was Maurice of Saxon?

Answer 38

- fought for Charles against Turks in 1542, the French in 1544, and at Muhlberg in 1547 - felt Charles was too powerful and turned against him

Question 39

how did HRE affect spain?

Answer 39

consuming and expensive

Question 40

who paid for most of HRE?

Answer 40

castle - led to Charles taking high interest loans from bankers in order to fund it all

Question 41

how much debt was spain in by 1556?

Answer 41

36m ducats debt

Question 42

what decade was a key turning point in Charles FP?

Answer 42

1550s

Question 43

how was Charles successful in 1520s?

Answer 43

- secured Naples and captured Milan - had lost Penon de Algiers in 1529, but won Tunis in 1535 - not much threat to spain in 1520s

Question 44

how was Charles unsuccessful in 1550s?

Answer 44

- lost towns in N. Africa | - failed to recapture Metz in 1552-53

Question 45

by 1556, how many towns did Spain have left in N. Africa?

Answer 45

only 4

Question 46

what were the Spanish expecting from the Ottomans by 1550s?

Answer 46

expecting a full Ottoman invasion