Form, Structure, Function

Question 1

Annual herbaceous plants

Answer 1

Live for a single growing season (germinate, grow, form flowers & produce fruits and seeds)

Question 2

Biennial herbaceous plants

Answer 2

Live for 2 years, plants are vegetative in the 1st year and produce flowers/ fruits/seeds in the second year

Question 3

Perennial herbaceous plants

Answer 3

Live for 3+ years, flower and fruit yearly, once plants get to maturity

Question 4

Woody plants are always ____

Answer 4

Prennial

Question 5

Lianas need …..

Answer 5

Woody, cannot sustain themselves, need physically support

Question 6

Monocarpic plants are….

Answer 6

Perennial but produce flowers and fruits only once in their lifetime and die

Question 7

Meristems are responsible for….which is a result of…..

Answer 7

Plant growth and development; miotic cell division

Question 8

Characterisitics of meristems

- Plastids?

Answer 8

• Least differentiated cell
• Small densely back, no intercellular space
• Cell wall is thin, cellulosic
• Dense protoplasm (living part of the cell)
• Small vacuoles
• No differentiated plastids

Question 9

Primordial meristem

Found in?

Answer 9

Characterize the embryo, found in the apical meristem

Question 10

Primary meristem
Produced by?
Generate?

Answer 10

• Produced by the primordial meristem

- Generate primary tissue

Question 11

Secondary meristem
Produced by?
Generate?

Answer 11

• Develop from mature primary tissue through cell dedifferentiation
• Generate secondary tissue

Question 12

Primary meristems (3)

Answer 12

Protoderm, ground, procambium

Question 13

Intercalary are found…

Answer 13

at stem nodes

Question 14

Lateral meristems (2)

Answer 14

Secondary meristems
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium

Question 15

Lateral meristems generate growth in….

Answer 15

Thickness

Question 16

(Lat. meri) Vascular cambium produces…

Answer 16

Secondary xylem towards the interior and secondary phloem at the exterior

Question 17

(Lat. meri) Cork cambium produces…

Answer 17

the periderm (bark)

Question 18

Totipotency

Answer 18

Each plant has the potential to reproduce the entire plant organism

Question 19

Callus?

Explant?

Answer 19

• Growing mass of cells that divide mitotically (Heals plant wounds)
• Explant: Part used to generate callus. Usually apical shoot of leaves

Question 20

Parenchyma

• Presence?
• Consists of?
• Roles?
• Origin?

Answer 20

• Most abundant tissue
• Living cells with thin cellulosic walls
• Storage of nutrients, air, water, photosynthesis
• Either primary or secondary

Question 21

Collenchyma
Function?
Originates from?
Location?
Primary or secondary?

Answer 21

• Mechanical support or flexibility function - provides elasticity
• Living tissue that originates from paren. in which the primary walls become thickened at the corners with cellulose
• Ribs of stems and petioles, immediately under epidermis
• Primary

Question 22

Petiole?

Answer 22

Stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem

Question 23

Sclerenchyma
Function?
Made up of?
Primary or secondary?

Answer 23

• Mechanical/resistance function/elasticity (most often physical hardness/toughness)
• Dead cells, primary cell walls become thick with lignin
• Either (more specialized & diverse)

Question 24

Sclerids

Answer 24

Length and width are more or less equal

Question 25

Fibers | Cell wall?

Answer 25

Length is much longer than the width | - Secondary, uniform all around the cell

Question 26

Xylem conducts....

Answer 26

water and minerals absorbed by roots and leaves

Question 27

Tracheary elements - Tracheids? - Vessel members?

Answer 27

- Elongated cells, thick with lignin, dead, conduct water and minerals - Primitive; thinner, longer - Vessel members; more evolved, shorter & wider

Question 28

Tracheids have ... end walls which are connected through ....

Answer 28

- Overlapping; pits

Question 29

Vessel members have larger openings called ...

Answer 29

perforation plates on their end-walls

Question 30

Types of plant tissues:

Answer 30

- Ground (collen, paren, scler.), vascular (xylem, phloem), Protection (epidermis, periderm)

Question 31

Primary meristem is responsible for... | Secondary?

Answer 31

- Primary growth - growth in length | - Secondary growth - growth in thickness

Question 32

Phloem: - Transports? - Direction?

Answer 32

- Sugars and other organic assimilates resulted from photosynthesis - Leaves --> rest of the plant tissues

Question 33

Sieve cells

Answer 33

- Conducting cells in angiosperms | - Form long tubes that are connected through sieve plates

Question 34

Epidermis - Main role in above ground organs? - Roots?

Answer 34

- Protection | - Absorption

Question 35

Multilayered epidermis are present in...?

Answer 35

Xerophytic plants (Grow in hot and dry areas)