Formative (1)

Question 1

Define incidence and prevalence

Answer 1

• Incidence = the number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time
• Prevalence = the number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time

Question 2

List 5 actions the government could take to stem the rise in obesity

Answer 2

• Health education
• Sugar tax
• Legislation on labelling
• Ban on advertisements of unhealthy foods
• Improve exercise facilities

Question 3

How might obesity affect an individual’s health?

• psychological
• physical
• social

Answer 3

• psychological: reduced self esteem
• physical: difficult to move or keep fit
• social: judged by peers

Question 4

List 3 advantages of GPs as gatekeepers

Answer 4

• Keep people out of expensive secondary care
• Continuity of dr-patient relationship
• Appropriate referral for patients to get further help

Question 5

List the 4 ethical principles

Answer 5

• Beneficence
• Non-Maificence
• Justice
• Autonomy

Question 6

List nonverbal ways of communication in a consultation

Answer 6

• Listening, use of silence
• Posture
• Body language
• Gestures
• Facial expressions
• Eye contact

Question 7

Approx what % of illnesses presenting to primary care are referred on to secondary care

Answer 7

3%

Question 8

List aspects you might cover in a consultation with regards to promoting a healthier lifestyle

Answer 8

• Diet and exercise
• Alcohol
• Smoking
• Sexual health

Question 9

List 4 factors which would make a patient motivated to change their behaviour

Answer 9

• The advantages of not doing the bad habit outweigh the disadvantages
• Anticipate a positive response from others
• Social pressure to change
• Believes they are able to carry out the new behaviour in a range of circumstances

Question 10

List 5 social influences on health

Answer 10

• Gender
• Housing
• Employment
• Financial security
• Social class

Question 11

What coping mechanisms might be used to deal with stress?

Answer 11

• Problem focused eg enlist family to help
• Emotion focused eg seeking counselling
• Combined problem and emotion focused