Wavelength Symbol
Lambda λ
Density Symbol
Rho ρ
Frequency Symbol
f
Velocity Symbol
V
Acoustic Impedance Symbol
Z
Thickness Symbol
T
Diameter of transducer Symbol
D
Length near field Symbol
NF
% Reflection
(Z2-Z1)²
(——–) x100%
(Z2+Z1)
% Penetration
100%-%Reflection
Formula for Acoustic Impedance
Z= ρ x V
Formulae for Sound Velocity
V = λ x f
Formula for Incidence Angle
Sin01 = Sin02 x V1 / V2
Formula for Angle of Divergence
Sin0 = 1.22 x λ / D
or
Sin0 = 1.22 x V / Df
Formula for Thickness of Material
T = V / 2f
or
T = λ / 2
Formula for Length of the near field
NF = D² / 4λ
or
NF = D² x f / 4V
Formula for Weld Inspection
V - Path = 2T / cos0