RNI (rate of natural increase)
Crude birthrate-Crude death rate
TFR (Total Fertility rate)
TFR=ASFR
IMR ( Infant Mortality Rate)
Number of infant deaths divided bynumber of live births x 100
ZPG ( zero population growth)
Births + Immigration = Deaths + Emmigration
Doubling time (rule of 70)
70 divided by natrua increase
IMR – Infant Mortality Rate
IMR = (Number of infant deaths under 1 year / Number of live births) × 1000
TFR – Total Fertility Rate
TFR = Σ(ASFRx × i) or TFR = 5 × (ΣASFR / 1000)
ZPG – Zero Population Growth
Births + Immigration = Deaths + Emigration
Rule of 70 – Population Doubling Time
Doubling Time (years) = 70 / Annual Growth Rate (%)
RLF – Replacement-Level Fertility
RLF ≈ 2.1 (developed countries) RLF ≈ 2.3–2.5 (developing countries)