Velocity of a Wave
v = fλ
Snell’s Law
n = sin i ÷ sin r
n = speed of light in vacuum ÷ speed of light in medium
Critical Angle
sin C = 1 ÷ n
Lens Equation
1/u + 1/v = 1/f
Magnification
m = v / u
m = hi / ho
Power of a lens
P = 1 ÷ f
Double slit experiment
λ = ay ÷ d
Photo electric emmision
E = hf
E = hc ÷ λ
Electron Diffraction
λ = h ÷ p
Classic Doppler Effect
f = (v in medium ÷ (v in medium + v of source)) × fₒ
λ = (1 + (v of source ÷ v in medium)) × λₒ
Cosmological Doppler Effect
z = ∆λ ÷ λ
z = ∆f ÷ f
z = v ÷ c
Hubble’s law
v = Hₒd
Age of the Universe
T = 1 ÷ Hₒ