1
Q
Position for lumbar puncture
A
Side lying with legs pulled up and the head bent down onto the chest
Fetal
2
Q
Adrenal gland function
A
Through secretion of aldosterone it aid in controlling extracellular fluid volume by regulating the amount of sodium reabsorbed by the kidneys
3
Q
Isotonic dehydration is treated with
A
Isotonic fluid
4
Q
Hypertonic dehydration is treated with
A
Hypotonic fluid solution
5
Q
Hypotonic dehydration is treated with
A
Hypertonic fluid solution
6
Q
Oral potassium should not be taken
A
On empty stomach, because it cause nausea , vomiting
7
Q
Liquid potassium should be taken with
A
Juice or other liquid
8
Q
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms
A
Weakness
Leg and abdominal cramping
Shallow respiration
Thready pulse
Prominent wave following T-wave
U-Wave
9
Q
Hyponatremia precipitates may precipitate what
A
Lithium toxicity
10
Q
Magnesium overdose antidote
A
Calcium gluconate
11
Q
Fluid overload signs and symptoms
A
Cough
Dyspnea
Crackles
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Elevated blood pressure
Bounding pulse
Elevated CVP
Weight gain edema
Neck and hand vein distention
Allered LOC
Decreased hematocrit
12
Q
Fluid defict signs and symptoms
A
Dry skin
Flat neck and hand vein
Decreased urinary output
Decresed CVP
13
Q
Nasogastric suction may cause
A
Hypokalemia
14
Q
Electrocardiographic changes for hypokalemia
A
Shallow, flat or inverted T-waves
ST segment depression
Prominent U-waves
15
Q
Electrocardiographic changes for atrial fibrillation
A
Absent P waves
16
Q
Widened QRS complex may be a sign for
A
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
17
Q
Potassium administration intervention
A
Administer via infusion pump
Monitor urine output during administration
Monitor for signs of infiltration or phlebitis
Ensure that the medication is diluted in appropriate fluid
Ensure the bag is labeled with the volume of potassium in the solution
18
Q
Electrocardiographic changes for hypocalcemia
A
Prolonged QT interval
Prolonged ST segment depression
19
Q
Peaked T-waves is a sign of
A
Myocardial infarction
20
Q
Electrocardiographic changes for hypercalcemia
A
Shortened ST segment
Widened T-waves
21
Q
Electrocardiographic changes for Hyperkalemia
A
Tall peaked T-waves
Widened QRS complex , flat P waves
ST segment depression
22
Q
Signs of hyponatremia
A
Muscle weakness
Increased urinary output
Decreased specific gravity
Hyperactive bowel sounds
23
Q
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms
A
Muscle twitches
Decreased urinary output
Increased specific gravity
24
Q
Causes of respiratory acidosis
A
Asthma
Atelectasis
Brain trauma
Bronchiectasis
Bronchitis
CNS depressants
Emphysema
Hypoventilation
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary emboli
25
Causes for respiratory alkalosis
Fever
Hyperventilation
Overventilation by mechanical ventilation
Pain
Severe anxiety or hysteria
26
Allen test is performed to
Determine the presence of collateral circulation
27
Pattern for kussmaul respiration
Respiration that are increased in rate
Respiration that are abnormally deep
28
Respiratory alkalosis manifestations
Lethargy
Lightheadness
Confusion
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmias
Nausea
Vomiting
Epigastric pain
Numbness and tingling
29
Do not take rectally temperature in client with
Rectal surgery
Client with diarrhea, fecal impaction , rectal bleeding , or at risk for bleeding
30
NSAID and acetylsalicyclic acid teaching
Do not administer if client has gastric irritation or ulcer disease
Bleeding is a concern
Take oral dose with milk or snack to reduce gastric irritation
May cause hypoglycemia if ibuprofen is taken with antidiabetic agent
Ibuprofen and calcium channel blocker cause toxicity
31
Acetaminophen is contraindicated in client with
Hepatic or renal disease
Alcoholism
Hypersensitivity
32
Avoid taking acetaminophen (tylenol) for how long
Should not continue longer than 10 days in an adult
Or 5 days in a child due to hepatotoxicity
33
Antidote for acetaminophen (tylenol)
Acetylcysteine
34
Normal PT value
11 - 12.5 seconds
35
Opioid overdose what to do first
Arouse the client , then reassess vital signs
36
Sources of energy
Carbohydrates
37
Carbohydrates sources
Milk
Grain
Fruits
Vegetables
38
Lack of fatty acid lead to
Sensitivity to cold
Skin lesions
Risk of infection
Amenorhea
39
Folic acid sources
Green leafy vegetables
Liver
Beef
Fish
Legumes
Grapefruit
Oranges
40
Niacin sources
Meats
Poultry
Fish
Beans
Peanuts
Grains
41
Thiamine (vitamin B1) sources
Pork
Nuts
Whole grain cereals
Legumes
42
Vitamin B2(riboflavin) sources
Milk
Lean meats
Fish
Grains
43
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) sources
Yeast
Corn
Meat
Poultry fish
44
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) sources
Meat , liver
45
Vitamin C ( ascorbic acid ) sources
Citrus fruits
Tomatoes
Brocolli
Cabbage
46
Vitamin A sources
Diary products
Fish
Liver
Green or orange vegetable
Fruits
47
Vitamin D sources
Fortified milk
Fish oils
Most cereals
48
Vitamin E sources
Vegetables oils
Fruit
Vegetables
Grains
Nuts
Seeds
Fortified cereals
49
Vitamin K sources
Green leafy vegetables
Turnip greens
Spinach
Cauliflower
Cabbage
Broccoli
Vegetables oils including soybean oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil and olive oil
50
Calcium sources
Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
Tofu
Green leafy vegetables ( brocolli, collards , kale, mustard, greens, turnip greens, bok choy)
Salmon and sardines
Almond, brazil nuts, sunflower, seeds , tahini, dried beans, blackstrap
51
Chloride sources
Salt
52
Iron sources
Oranges , dark green leafy vegetables
Dried beans
Dried fruit
Egg yolk
Iron fortified cereals
Liver
Meat
Oyster
Salmon
Tuna
Whole grain
53
Magnesium sources
Dark green leafy vegetables
Fruits ( Banana, dried apricots, avocados)
Nuts ( almond , cashews)
Peas , beans, seeds
Soy products
Whole grains
Milk
54
Phosphorus sources
Seeds ( sunflowers, pumpkin, squash
Cheese
Cornmeal
Beans
Nuts
55
Potassium sources
All meats (red meat and chicken)
Fish (salmon, cod, flounder, sardines)
Soy products and veggies
Vegetables (brocolli , peas, lima, tomatoes, potatoes, winter squash
Fruits( citrus , cantaloupe, banana , kiwi, prunes, dried apricots, milk , yogurt, nuts, raisins, strawberries
Potatoes
56
Sodium sources
Sodium chloride
Milk
Beets
Celery
Soy sauce
Onion salt , garlic salt, bouillon cubes
Peas , nuts , cauliflower
57
Zin sources
Animal protein (beef, pork, and lamb)
Nuts
Whole grains
Legumes
Yeast
58
Low fiber food
White bread
Refined cook cereal
Cooked potatoes
White rice
59
DASH diet include what
Fruits
Vegetables
Whole grain
Low fat dairy foods
Meat
Fish
Poultry
Nuts
Beans
60
Method that help relieve thirst
Chewing on gum
Sucking hard candy
Freezing fluid
Add lemon juice to water
Gargling
61
Food high in fat
Margarine
Cream cheese
Luncheon meats
Meats
Salad dressing
Eggs
Butter
Cheese
Bacon
62
Clear liquid diet food
Water
Bouillon
Carbonated brevages
Gelatin
Hard candy
Lemonade
Ice pops
Regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea
Coffee, gelatin , broth
63
Full liquid diet foods
Plain ice cream
Sherbet
Breakfast drink
Milk pudding
Custard
Soups
Refined cook cereals
Strained vegetables juices
64
65
Assessment order
1) Inspection
2) Palpation
3) Percussion
4) Auscultation
Except for abdominal assessment
66
How to check for cyanosis
Check lip and tongue for a gray color , nail bed, palms and sole for a blue color, and conjunctivae for pallor
67
How to check for jaundice
Check oral mucus membranes for a yellow color
Check the sclera nearest to iris for a yellow color
68
Poor turgor indicate what
Dehydration
Extreme weight loss
69
Conductive hearing loss is caused by
Any obstruction to the transmission of sound wave
70
Sensorineural hearing is caused by
Defect in the cochlea
Cranial nerve 8
Brain
71
Lordosis is
Increased lumbar curvature
72
Kyphosis is
Exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
73
Scoliosis
Lateral spine curvature
74
Cheyne-stokes respiration is
A rhythmic respiration with periods of apnea
75
How to perform Brudzinski sign
Flex client head , and there should be no report of pain or resistance to the neck flexion
76
Kerning sign how to perform
Client flexes the legs at the hip and knees and complain of pain in the veryebral column
It is also used to test for meningeal irritation
77
RACE stands for
R: Rescue
A: Activate the alarm
C: Confine the fire
E: Extinguish the fire
78
PASS stands for
P: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher
A: Aim at the base of the fire
S: squeeze the extinguisher handle
S: Sweep thr extinguisher from side to side
79
After poison ingestion when do you not induce vomiting
After ingestion of Lye, household cleaners, grease, petroleum products
Or unconscious
80
Standard precautions equipment
Handwashing before and after glove
Mask , eyes protection, gowns when appropriate
81
Airborne disease
Measles
Chickenpox (varicella)
Disseminated varicella zoster
Tuberculosis
COVID
82
Airborne barrier protection
Single room under negative pressure, door remain closed except upon entering and exiting
Ultraviolet germicide or Hepatitis filter
N95
Surgical mask placed on client when leaving the room
83
Droplet disease
Adenovirus
Diphtheria
Epiglottis
Influenza
Meningitis
Mumps
Mycoplasmal pneumonia or meningococcal pneumonia
Parvovirus B19
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Rubella
Scarlet fever
Sepsis
Streptococcal pharyngitis
COVID
84
Covid type of precautions
Both airborne and droplet may be instituted
85
Droplet barrier protection
Private room or cohort with same organism
Wear surgical mask within 3 feet of client, healthcare worker may wear respiratory mask or N95
86
Contact barrier protection
87
Contact barrier protection
Private room or cohort
Gloves and gown
88
Anthrax is caused by
Bacillus anthracis
89
Anthrax is treated with what antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Penicillin
90
Method of transmission for anthrax
Inhalation of bacterial spores
Through cut or abrasion in the skin
Ingestion of contaminated undercooked meat
91
Wound evisceration intervention
Call for help, ask that the surgeon be notified and that needed supplies be brought to the client room
Stays with the client
Place client in a low fowler position with knees bent
Cover wound with sterile normal dressing and keep the dressing moist
Take vitals signs and monitor client closely
Prepare for surgery as necessary
92
Distance between the axillae and the arm pieces when using crutches is
2-3 finger width in the axilla space
93
How should the elbow flex when using crutches
20-30 degrees
94
When ambulating client with crutches where do you stand
On the affected side
95
When ambulating where client put crutches
6-10 inches in front of them
96
How to sit on a chair with crutches
97
How to stand on a chair with crutches
98
Cane
99
Walker
100
How pressure injuries stage 1 look like
Skin is intact
Area is red , does not blanch with external pressure
101
How stage 2 pressure injury look like
Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
102
How stage 3 pressure injury look like
Full thickness , skin loss is present with adipose tissue visible in ulcer
103
How stage 4 pressure injury look like
Full thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed or palpable fascia, muscle , tendon, ligaments, cartilage or bone
104
Dressing used for stage 1 pressure injury
Transparent dressing
Hydrocolloid dressing
Or no dressing open to air
105
What dressing is used for stage 4 pressure injury
Calcium alginate or deeper tissue injury
106
Common symptoms of UTI
Dysuria
Urgency frequency
Suprapubic tenderness
Incontinence
Cloudy foul smelling urine
Blood appear in urine
107
ITI symptoms in elderly
Fatigue
Confusion
Delirium
Mental status changes
Decreased function
Incontinence
Falls
108
Nephrostomy tube intervention
Monitor output closely
Report output less than 30 ml/hr
Or lack output for more than 15 minutes should be reported to HCP
109
Stoma that is purple black indicates what
Compromise circulation and it requires immediate surgeon notification
110
Normal stoma color
Red
Pink
111
Pale pink stoma indicates
Low hemoglobin
Low hematocrit
112
Stoma that is dark and dusky indicates what
Necrosis
113
Stoma teaching
Change the pouch every week
Change appliance in the morning
Empty urinary collection bag when it’s 1/3 full
In the shower direct the flow of water away from the stoma
114
Frequent complications after ileostomy
Fluid and electrolytes imbalance
115
How to care for urinary catheter on uncircumcised client
Clean the catheter proximally to distally with soap and water
Maintain urinary collection bag below level of the bladder
Use dominant hand to pull back the foreskin to cleanse the urethral meatus with soap and water and return the urethral meatus to its normal position
116
Straight Catheter are used for
Intermittent catheterization
117
Double lumen catheter are used for
Indweling urinary catheterization,
One lumen drain urine in the bladder
The other lumen is used to inflate and deflate the balloon
118
Triple lumen catheterization are used for
Continuous bladder irrigation ,Or bladder medication instillation
119
Sigmoid colon intervention
Irrigate 500 to 1000 ml of lukewarm water through the stoma
120
How often do you change the bag of urinary stoma pouch
Pouch needs to be changed every 5 to 7 days
121
Respiratory acidosis symptoms
Increase respiratory rate and depth
Headache
Restlessness
Mental status change
Drowsiness
Confusion
Visual disturbances
Diaphoresis
Cyanosis, hypoxia
Hyperkalemia
Rapid , irregular pulse and dysrhythmia
122
How to obtain a specimen from an indwelling urinary catheter
Explain procedure to client
Clamping the tubing of the drainage bag
Aspirating a sample from the port of the drainage tubing
Wiping the port with an alcohol swab before inserting the synringe
123
Orthodox Judaism adheres to what type of diet
Kosher diet law
124
Kosher diet what food is unacceptable
Dairy-meat and pork
125
What food is allowed on kosher diet
Fish with scale and fins
Animals that are vegetables eaters
Cloven hoofed
Sweet and sour chicken with rice and vegetables , mixed fruit juice
126
Car safety device for child between 8-12 years old and 4 FT tall
Booster seat
127
Acidosis blood gas symptoms
Headache
Lethargy
Weakness
Confusion
Leading to coms and death
128
Alkalosis blood gas symptoms
Tingling , numbness of fingers
Restlessness
Tatany
129
What organ regulates acid-base balance
Kidney
130
Metabolic alkalosis attack what system
Cardiac
Nervous
Neuromuscular
131
A rise of CO2 will will result in
A decrease in PH
132
Diabetes melitus may lead to what acid base imbalance
Metabolic acidosis
133
Metabolic acidosis symptoms
Hyperpnea with kussmaul respiration
Headache, nausea , vomiting , diarrhea
Fruity smelling breath
CNS depression
Mental dullness
Drowsiness
Stupor and coma
Twitching and convulsions
Hyperkalemia
ECG monitoring Tall Tented T waves
134
Excessive use of oral antacids may leas to what acid base imbalance
Metabolic alkalosis
135
Respiration failure is caused by
Stroke
Sleep apnea
Opioid analgesics, sedative, anesthetics
136
Guillain-Barré syndrome may lead to what acid-base imbalance
Respiratory acidosis
137
Respiratory acidosis is caused by what
Elevated carbon dioxide levels caused by insufficient ventilation, so encourage client to breathe slowly and deeply
138
Position before Thoracentesis procedure
Left side lying positiob on bed on the unaffected side, with head of bed elevated 45 degrees
Sitting at the edge of the bed leaning over the bedside with feet supported on a stool
139
Position to place client after cardiac catheterization
Best rest with head of bed elevated no higher than 15-30 degrees
Supine
140
Bone scan teaching
Drink large amount of water 24 to 48 hours to excrete radioisotope through the kidney
141
Complications after pleural biopsy include
Hemothorax
Pneumothorax
Temporary pain from intercostal nerve.
So chest tube and drainage must be at bedside
142
How to perform allen test
Ask to client to open and closed hand repeatedly , then release pressure from the ulnar artery , then assess for color of the extremity distal to the pressure point
143
If maternal blood glucose exceed 135 mg/dl what’s the next step
Do the 3 hour glucose tolerance test
144
Post gastroscopy intervention
Check gag reflex by using a tongue depressor to stroke the back of the client throat
Vitals signs every 30 minutes for 2 hours
Place in a side lying or semi fowler position to avoid aspiration
145
Position for liver biopsy
Lie supine with right arm under the head
Left lateral side lying position with a small pillow or folded towel under the puncture site for 3 hours
After liver biopsy put client on the right side
146
Appropriate meal for oral cholecystograpghy
Fat free
147
Positron emissions tomography (PET scan ) detects what
Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain
148
What can cause false negative when performing stool for occult blood
Ascorbic acid
So avoid red meat , fish, turnips, horseradish, fruits , vegetables
149
Signs of allergic reaction to contrast Dye
Itching and edema
Respiratory distress
Stridor
Decreased blood pressure
150
After barium for how long stools may remain white
72 hours / 3 daysx
151
Why low fat is needed before cholecystogram
To prevent contraction of the gallbladder before testing
152
Digital subtraction angiography help study what
Blood vessels
153
Electroencephalogram teaching
Test take between 45 and 2 hours
Hair needs to be washed before the test
Cola, tea, coffee, are restricted
Needle is inserted into skeletal muscles
154
Knee arthroscopy teaching
Elevate the knee while sitting
Avoid excess use of the joint
Return for suture removal in about 7 days
155
Schilling test is used for
Determining cause of vitamin B12 deficiency which lead to pernicious anemia
156
Most common site to obtain bone marrow
Iliac crest and sternum
157
Most common test used to diagnosed meningitis is
Lumbar puncture
158
What test used to diagnosed herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Polymerase chain reaction
159
Fluorescein angiography study of the eye involve what
Retinopathy and tumors
160
Barium enema teaching
Low fiber needs to be maintained for 1 to 3 days before the test Cola
161
Before a liver biopsy what laboratory results needs to included in the client chart
Prothrombin time
162
Ultrasound of gallbladder teaching
This test requires you to lie for short intervals
163
Lumbar puncture contraindications
Anticoagulants medication
Infection near lumbar puncture site
ICP
Severe degenerative vertebral joint disease
164
Fluid volume excess symptoms
Cough
Dyspnea
Crackles
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Elevated BP
Bounding pulse
Elevated CVP
Weight gain
Edema
Neck and hand distention
Altered LOC
Decreased hematocrit
165
Dehydration symptoms
Lethargy
Headache
Weight loss
Sunken eyes
Poor skin turgor
Flat neck
Peripheral vein
Tachycardia
Low blood pressure (orthostatic)
Dizziness upon standing
166
Hyperkalemia causes what
Muscle weakness
167
What meds is given during early stages of DIC
Heparin
168
Oz to ML
169
Hypermagnesemia symptoms
Neurological depression
Drowsiness
Lethargy
Loss of deep tendon reflexes ( areflexia)
Respiratory insufficiency
Bradycardia
Hypotension
170
Lactated ringer solution are contraindicated in client with
Kidney and liver disease
Lactic acidosis
171
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms
Decreased heart rate
Diminished peripheral pulses
Hypotension
172
Normal range for potassium in client who is receiving hemodialysis is
4 to 6.5 mEq
173
Tuberculosis teaching
Cough into tissues and throm them away carefully
Cover your mouth when laugh, sneeze, cough
Wash hand after touching mask , tissues , or body fluids
174
Chlamydia precautions types
Standard
175
Throat culture how to collect
Tilt the head back
Swab the tonsillar pillar and the posterior pharynx wall
Place tongue depressor on the client tongue before swabbing the throat
176
Pelvic inflammatory disease teaching
Avoid douching frequently
177
Characteristics of lesions for syphilis
Painless and indurated
178
Position to place client with pelvic inflammatory disease
Supine in semi-fowlers position
179
Risk factor for influenza
Cystic fibrosis
Diabetes melitus
Healthcare worker
Older adult
180
Treatment for Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
181
Room for Tuberculosis
Negative pressure room
Six air exchanges per hour
182
Urine specimen help measure what
Protein
Hormones
Minerals
Creatine
Electrolytes
Catecholamines
183
Classic signs if glomerulonephritis
Gross hematuria and proteinuria
184
Red blood cells increase with those conditions
Decreased cardiac output
Impaired pulmonary gas exchange
Corticosteroid therapy
Polycythemia vera
Severe diarrhea
Dehydration
185
Blood test to confirm rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor
Antinuclear antibody
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR
Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody
186
Lab that indicates hepatis
Leukopenia
Elevated serum bilirubin
Elevated ESR
187
Hypocalcemia symptoms
Tingling sensation
Hyperactive reflexes
Trousseau and chvostek signs
Muscles cramps, tetany, seizures, insomnia, irritability, memory impairment, anxiety
188
High risk groups for for iron deficiency
Individuals in their childbearing years who consume poor diets
Alcoholics
Vegetarians
189
Incentive spirometer teaching
Sit up with head of bed elevated to 45 to 90 degrees
Semi fowlers or high fowlers position
190
Increase restlessness indicate what
Hemorrhage
Shock
Pulmonary embolism
191
How often you assess a client postoperatively
Every 15 minutes for the first hour
Every 30 minutes for 2 hours
Every 1 hour for 4 hours
Then every 4 hours as needed
192
Scopolamine side effects
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Decreased sweating
Dilation of pupils
193
Position to put client after rhinoplasty
Semi Fowler
194
Complications of mastectomy
Lymphedema ( arm edema on the operative side )
195
Atenolol (beta blocker) teaching
Should not be stopped abruptly
196
How to prevent lymphedema after mastectomy
Do not take blood pressure , venipunctures, injections in your affected side
197
Deep vein thrombosis intervention
Best rest with elevation of the affected extremity
198
Total hip replacement position
Put client on nonoperative side with legs abducted
199
NG tube feeding residual amount teaching
If residual amount is more than 100 ML you need to hold the feeding
200
Position for child vomiting
Side lying
201
What needs to be at bedside when inserting Sengstaken-blakemore tube
Pair of scissors
202
Impaired corneal reflex teaching
Use sterile saline drops every few hours to keep the eye moist
203
Iron administration site
Ventrigluteal muscle using the Z-track method
204
Sources of lead
Pain chips
Vinyl blind
Solder used in plumbing
205
Cerebellum is responsible for what
Balance and coordination
206
Immobolized client are at risk for
DVT
Pulmonary emboli
207
Intervention for client after mastectomy
Elevate the affected side one one or two pillow
208
Causes of fluid volume deficit
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Draining fistulas
Ileostomy
Colostomy
209
Kussmaul respirations pattern
Respiration increasing in rate
Respiration abnormally deep
210
Tuberculosis equipment
Respirator
Gown
Gloves
211
Rules for room assignments cohort
Do not place client with fresh surgical wound or is immunocompromised in a room with a client who got active or suspected infection
Nclex prep
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