What does Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ensure?
Equal educational opportunities
it aimed to end segregation in schools.
What landmark case ended segregation in schools?
Brown vs. Board of Education
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This case was pivotal in the civil rights movement.
What did the Bilingual Education Act of 1968 provide?
Funding for programs to teach English
Did not support use of native language
What is the significance of the term ELs?
English Learners
It is a more neutral term used in educational contexts.
What does the Lau Remedies of 1975 outline?
Guidelines for appropriate planning bilingual education programs
What was the main focus of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001?
Promoted English-only instruction
Abandoned Dual Language and Bilingual education
What did the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 allow?
Flexibility for states to create educational programs with accountability for English proficiency and academic achievement
What is the significance of Castañeda vs. Pickard?
Established a 3-part assessment for bilingual education programs
Ensured programs are effective and based on educational theory.
What must districts with 5% ELLs provide according to the 1970 memorandum?
Equal educational opportunities
What did the Rios vs. Reid case establish?
Bilingual programs must be bilingual, not English-only
What is required for districts with 20+ enrolled ELs according to the Bilingual Education and Training Act of 1973?
Native language instruction
What does the Serna vs. Portales case emphasize?
Districts must provide bilingual curriculum to accommodate ELs
BIL. PROGRAMS IN ThE US: ONE WAY
• Serve EL’S ONLY
BIL. PROGRAMS IN ThE US: TWO-WAY
Serves ELs and native English speakers
LATE EXIt
ends later in. elementary
EARLY ExiT
ends by 3rd grade.
BIL EDUCATION LNGUAGE DISTRIBUTION
50/50 or 90/10
What does reading fluency consist of?
Accuracy, prosody, rate
Fluency Strategies For ELs
-model fluent reading
-re-read text
-opportunities to read
-vocabulary development
What is Language Transfer
Transferring of knowledge of L1 to L2
Avoidance in language transfer is referred to as…
EL avoiding difficult words and structures and opting for simpler ones
Overgeneralization in Language Transfer is referred to as…
EL using grammar rules where they do not apply
How is a print rich environment used to support concept of print for ELs?
Exposure to:
-labels
-posters
-bulletin boards
-schedules
-calendars
How are oversized books used to support concepts of print for ELs?
Practice in:
-previewing book features
-pointing at text
-modeling appropriate tracking
