define anatomic barrier.
maximum distance at which a joint can be ACTIVELY moved PLUS PASSIVELY moved beyond the physiological barrier
define physiologic barrier
maximum point at which a pt. can ACTIVELY move a joint in the absence of somatic dysfunction
compare and contrast physiologic vs. restrictive barrier
Ex: a pt. can actively abduct their right hip to 90 degrees. However, they can only abduct their left hip to 75 degrees
physiologic barrier refers to a pt.’s maximum active range of motion about a particular joint; in this example, the PB would be 90 degrees
a restrictive barrier occurs when a pt. cannot actively move the joint all the way into the physiologic barrier. in this example, 75 degrees would be the RB
Describe how an elastic barrier works
falls midway between physiological and anatomical barriers and is defined as the maximum passive ROM past the physiologic barrier before tissue is disrupted
T or F: restrictive barrier can also be referred to as the pathologic barrier
true
List the components of the acronym-TART
T- tissue texture changes
A- asymmetry
R-restriction
T-Tenderness
T or F: acute SD tends to be cool and pale in texture.
False
acute SDs tend to be warm and moist with erythema while chronic SDs tend to be cool and pale to the touch
T or F: viscero-somatic reflexes are more frequent with chronic SDs compared to Acute SDs.
true
What is Fryette’s Law III?
initiating motion at any vertebral segment in any one plane of motion will modify the mobility in the other planes of motion
T or F: Fryette’s third law of spinal facilitation only apples to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
True
this does not apply to the cervical vertebrae
What are the mnemonics for facet orientation
BUM - cervical
BUL - Thoracic
BUM - Lumbar
T or F: The TPs of T12 follows the same rule of 3’s as T7-T9
False
T10 = T7-T9
T11=T4-T6
T12 = T1-T3
define isotonic contraction.
muscle contraction that results in its approximation b/t the origin and insertion w/o a change in the muscle’s tension
Ex: Biceps curling w/ a dumbbell or weight
define isometric contraction
muscle contraction that results in an increase in muscle tonicty w/o an approximation b/t the origin and insertion
How is isolytic contraction defined?
Muscle contraction against resistance to an opposing lengthening force that causes the muscle to to loosen or decontract
ex: strethcing
compare and contrast concentric and eccentric contraction
concentric: results in an approximation b/t the muscle origin and insertion (ex. bicep curl upward)
eccentric: results in a lengthening of the muscle due to an external force (ex. bicep curl downward)
both are a subtypes of an isotonic contraction
what is the difference b/t a tender point and a trigger point?
a tender point elicits LOCALIZED acute pain
a trigger point elicits RADIATING acute pain from the trigger point site
MET is a form of what type of muscle contraction?
isometric contraction
T or F: MET manipulates the muscle spindles. Explain your reasoning
False
MET stimulates the Golgi tendons to send afferents to the brain telling it to relax the muscle and counteract hypercontraction
Counterstrain targets what organ in the muscle tissue? Explain your reasoning
The muscle spindles
Tender points are generated when muscles are too eccentrically contracted
CS attempts to counteract this by manipulating the muscle spindles to shorten the contracted muscle
T or F: the golgi tendon promotes strethcing while the muscle spindle promotes contraction
True
How is vertebral restriction defined?
Restriction of a particular vertebra is always described in relation to the vertebra below it.
Ex: T6ERSL means T6 is restricted in FRSR on T7
T or F: the convexity of a spinal hump is named for the side opposite the SB component of the dysfunctional vertebral segment/s
true
activity of the biceps muscle during elevation of a weight while performing a curling maneuver describes what type of muscle contraction?
concentric
