fractures

Question 1

fracture

Answer 1

a break in the continuity of a bone

Question 2

cause

Answer 2

healthy
- twist
- crush
- overuse
- muscle contaction
diseased
- pathological
- osteoporosis
- bone tumor/ pagets

Question 3

closed

Answer 3

no break in the skin

Question 4

open

Answer 4

bone petrudes through the skin

Question 5

greenstick

Answer 5

a fracture in which one side of a bone is broken while the other is bent

Question 6

spiral

Answer 6

a fracture which a bone has been twisted apart

Question 7

comminuted

Answer 7

a fracture in which a bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces

Question 8

torus

Answer 8

side of a bone bulges without breaking all the way through

Question 9

transverse

Answer 9

break across the bone at a right angle to the long axis of a bone

Question 10

depression

Answer 10

depressed piece of bone

Question 11

compression

Answer 11

pressing together, vertibre common with osteoporosis

Question 12

avulsion

Answer 12

ligament or muscle contact and pull off bone
- medial malleolus
- AIIS rec fem

Question 13

pathological

Answer 13

occurs through an area of diseased bone

Question 14

stress

Answer 14

results from repeated loading without a bone and muscle recovery

Question 15

clinical manifestations

Answer 15

• pain
• LOF
• deformity
• shortening
• crepitus
• swelling and discolouration

Question 16

diagnosis

Answer 16

• history
• Physical exam
• X ray
• CT
• MRI
• Ultrasound

Question 17

reduction

Answer 17

restoration of bone back to its natural anatomical position
open - surgical
closed - non-surgical

Question 18

complications

Answer 18

• death
• visceral injury
• soft tissue injury
• shock
• fat embolism
• compartment syndrome
• DVT
• infection

Question 19

healing

Answer 19

• inflammation
• soft callus
• hard callus
• remodelling

Question 20

inflamation

Answer 20

• stage of hematoma formation
• stage of granulation tissue

Question 21

reparative

Answer 21

• stage of fibro cartilaginous callus
• stage of bony callus

Question 22

remodelling

Answer 22

excess material inside bone shaft is replaced by more compact bone

Question 23

osteoblasts

Answer 23

build bone

Question 24

osteoclast

Answer 24

chew bone