Freud

Question 1

What was Freud’s job?

Answer 1

medical doctor

Question 2

Define consciousness.

Answer 2

what you are aware of at any one time

Question 3

Define preconscious.

Answer 3

what’s available to consciousness but not conscious at the time

Question 4

Define unconscious.

Answer 4

the thoughts, desires, and impulses we’re unaware exist in our minds

Question 5

What are the components of Freud’s structural model of personality?

Answer 5

id, ego, superego

Question 6

What principle does the id operate on?

Answer 6

pleasure

Question 7

What principle does the ego operate on?

Answer 7

reality

Question 8

What principle does the superego operate on?

Answer 8

morality

Question 9

When does the id become present?

Answer 9

at birth

Question 10

When does the ego develop?

Answer 10

first 3 years

Question 11

When does the superego develop?

Answer 11

middle childhood

Question 12

What does the id do?

Answer 12

demand instant gratification

Question 13

What does the ego do?

Answer 13

manage conflicts between the id and superego

Question 14

What does the superego do?

Answer 14

punish/reward the ego with guilt/pride based on behaviour

Question 15

What does the id provide to the personality?

Answer 15

energy

Question 16

What does the ego provide to the personality?

Answer 16

rationality

Question 17

What does the superego provide to the personality?

Answer 17

morality

Question 18

Name some defence mechanisms.

Answer 18

displacement, denial, repression, regression, rationalisation, reaction formation, sublimation, projection

Question 19

What is displacement?

Answer 19

transferring urges onto a more ‘acceptable’ target

Question 20

What is denial?

Answer 20

not accepting the truth because it’s unpleasant

Question 21

What is repression?

Answer 21

blocking unwanted material from conscious awareness

Question 22

What is regression? (not in lecture slides)

Answer 22

reverting to immature coping strategies

Question 23

What is rationalisation? (not in lecture slides)

Answer 23

justifying behaviours by substituting real reasons for less realistic ones

Question 24

What is reaction formation?

Answer 24

exaggerating the opposite impulse/belief to overcome the unacceptable one

Question 25

What is sublimation?

Answer 25

redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels

Question 26

What is projection?

Answer 26

attributing own unacceptable traits/desires to others

Question 27

What are the psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 27

oral, anal, phallic, (latency), genital

Question 28

At what age does the oral stage occur?

Answer 28

0-1

Question 29

At what age does the anal stage occur?

Answer 29

~2-3

Question 30

At what age does the phallic stage occur?

Answer 30

3-5

Question 31

At what age does the latency period occur?

Answer 31

6-puberty

Question 32

When does the genital stage occur?

Answer 32

puberty (~12)

Question 33

What is the erogenous zone and related behaviour in the oral stage?

Answer 33

mouth - sucking

Question 33

What is the erogenous zone and related behaviour in the anal stage?

Answer 33

anus - expelling/retaining faeces

Question 34

What is the erogenous zone in the phallic stage?

Answer 34

genitals

Question 35

What is the erogenous zone in the genital stage?

Answer 35

genitals

Question 36

What is the major conflict in the oral stage?

Answer 36

weaning (off the breast/bottle)

Question 37

What is the major conflict in the anal stage?

Answer 37

toilet training

Question 38

What is the major conflict in the phallic stage?

Answer 38

Oedipus complex (boys) Electra complex (girls)

Question 39

What is the Oedipus/Electra complex?

Answer 39

unconscious desire for the same-sex parent and rivalry with the opposite-sex parent

Question 40

How is the Oedipus/Electra complex overcome?

Answer 40

identification with the same-sex parent

Question 41

castration anxiety

Answer 41

boys - fears his dad will punish him for his feelings

Question 42

penis envy

Answer 42

girls - becomes reconciled to castration & desires to be penetrated rather than penetrate

Question 43

What is the adult fixation if the conflict in the oral stage isn't handled properly?

Answer 43

oral habits (e.g. smoking, biting nails, chewing gum, swearing, overeating)

Question 44

What is the adult fixation if the conflict in the anal stage isn't handled properly?

Answer 44

anal retentive: neat, stingy, perfectionist, stubborn etc. anal expulsive: messy, careless, generous, disorganised, emotional outbursts etc.

Question 45

What causes someone to become anal retentive or anal expulsive?

Answer 45

harsh/lenient potty training

Question 46

What is the adult fixation if the conflict in the phallic stage isn't handled properly?

Answer 46

phallic personality: vanity, overambition etc.

Question 47

What happens in the genital stage?

Answer 47

incestuous urges are redirected to more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent)

Question 48

What happens in the latency period?

Answer 48

* sexual feelings become dormant * generally engage with same-sex peers --> consolidation of gender role identity

Question 49

What from incest, what is the key difference between sexuality in the phallic and genital stages?

Answer 49

the phallic stage only focuses on the male sex organ

Question 50

How can experience impact personality through the id?

Answer 50

it doesn't - individual differences in the id are inherent

Question 51

How can experience impact personality through the ego?

Answer 51

the ego can be quashed or supported in growth (--> more/less rational)

Question 52

How can experience impact personality through the superego?

Answer 52

parenting can make the superego... - weak (compassionately liberal and autonomy-supportive) - harsh (perfectionist and unforgiving)

Question 53

How can experience lead to fixation?

Answer 53

too much/little gratification at one stage

Question 54

How can experience lead to regression?

Answer 54

stress (e.g. drinking too much to deal with anxiety)