From Lecture Slides

Question 1

Healthy behaviours important to pregnancy?

Answer 1

• Eat like a diabetic always
• Drugs and alcohol are tetrogenics, avoid!
• Limited caffeine
• Take folic acid supplements
• Adequate hydration

Question 2

Foods to avoid while pregnant?

Answer 2

• Soft cheese
• Raw eggs
• Limited fish (no uncooked)
• No buffets

Question 3

Complications that may place pregnant woman and foetus at risk?

Answer 3

• Anaemia
• Diabetes
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Pre eclampsia
• Eclampsia
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Antepartum bleed

Question 4

Pre existing illness of pregnancy?

Answer 4

• Anaemia

* Diabetes

Question 5

Normal fatal heart rate?

Answer 5

110-160bpm

Question 6

What is the Peuperium?

Answer 6

6 weeks after placenta delivery

Question 7

Post birth changes?

Answer 7

• Placenta separation
• Placenta delivery
• HR and BP return to normal
• Ice the peritoneum
• Uterus contracts back to normal size

Question 8

Latent (1st) phase of labour?

Answer 8

• Cervix dilates to approx 3cm

* Mild to moderate contractions

Question 9

Transitional / Advanced (3rd) phase of labour?

Answer 9

• Cervix dilates from 7-10 cm

* Strong contractions

Question 10

Active (2nd) labor phase?

Answer 10

• Cervix dilates to 7cm

* Stronger contractions

Question 11

First stage of labour?

Answer 11

• Cervix dilates
• Contractions begin
• Latent / Active / Transitional phases

Question 12

Second stage of labour?

Answer 12

• Birth of baby

* Cervix fully dilated

Question 13

Third stage of labour?

Answer 13

• Afterbirth / placenta delivery

* Immediate newborn care

Question 14

Primary PPH occurs when?

Answer 14

Within 24 hours post birth

Question 15

Secondary PPH occurs when?

Answer 15

After 24 hours and up to 6 weeks port birth

Question 16

Causes of PPH

Answer 16

• Previous Hx
• Prolonged labour
• Clotting disorders
• Fibroids
• Multiple births

Question 17

What are the 4 T’s of PPH?

Answer 17

• Tone
• Trauma
• Thrombin
• Tissue

Question 18

Management of PPH

Answer 18

• MET call
• Massage fundus
• Administer oxytocin
• IV fluid
• Bloods
• Fluid balance
• Bimanual compression

Question 19

Physiological adaptation of newborn to extra-uterine life?

Answer 19

• Cord clamped
• Lungs breathe in O2
• Fetal shunts close
• Resps established
• Voids within 24 hours

Question 20

Characteristics of newborn?

Answer 20

• Sleeps 16-24 hours first week

* Wakes every 2-8 hours for feed

Question 21

Vaccinations given in hospital?

Answer 21

• Vitamin K

* Hepatitis B

Question 22

Nutritional requirements for term newborn?

Answer 22

• First feed 2-4 hours post birth
• Bottle feeding every 2 hours
• Formula feeding read instructions

Question 23

Vaccinations registered up to?

Answer 23

7 years

Question 24

Vaccination schedule?

Answer 24

• Birth / 4 / 8 / 12 / 18 months

* 4 / 7 years

Question 25

Family centred care involves what?

Answer 25

* Family is the best place for children * Have family involved in all medical treatment * Offer parents / siblings support * Education for informed decisions

Question 26

Developmental milestones for 0-18 years

Answer 26

* Vision * Fine motor * Hearing * Speech * Language * Gross motor * Social - Emotional - Play * Cognitive

Question 27

Developmental screening tools?

Answer 27

* Ages and Stages (PEDS) * Head circumference / weight / height * Communication / gross and fine motor / problem solving / personal - social

Question 28

Failure to Thrive? Causes?

Answer 28

Children less than 5, poor weight gain. Weight is less than the 3rd percentile on two seperate occasions. Causes can include insufficient calorie intake / absorption, psychological factors.

Question 29

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 29

* Activity * Pulse * Grimace * Respirations * Appearance * Respirations

Question 30

Pain assessment QUESTT stands for?

Answer 30

* Question the child * Use a pain score * Evaluate behaviour * Secure parents involvement * Take action and evaluate results

Question 31

What is CHIPPS?

Answer 31

Children and infant post-operative pain scale

Question 32

What is FLACC?

Answer 32

Face, legs, arms, cry, consolability pain scale

Question 33

Unique characteristics of child's airway?

Answer 33

* Short neck * Narrow nostrils * Loose teeth * Horse shoe shaped epiglotis * Short soft trachea

Question 34

Clinical symptoms of dehydrated child?

Answer 34

* Sunken eyes * Dry mucous membranes * Poor skin turgor * Cool peripheries * Lethargic * Pale - white skin

Question 35

Why are children susceptible to acid base imbalances?

Answer 35

Higher water percentile, immature tubules and nephrons

Question 36

Symptoms of ICP in infants?

Answer 36

* High pitched cry * Tense bulging fontanelle * Dilated scalp veins * Poor intake * Widened pupils

Question 37

What is AVPU?

Answer 37

Consciousness level for children Alert and awake Verbal stimuli response Painful stimuli response Unresponsive