what is fuel?
Fuel is any substance used to produce heat or power by combustion
What are the classifications of fuels
Based on physical state or on occurrence
What are the types of physical state (with examples)
Solid fuel (wood or coal) , Liquid fuel (crude or natural gasoline), Gaseous fuel (natural gas)
what are the types of occurence (with examples)
Primary or natural fuels (wood,coal) Secondary or prepared fuels (charcoal, petroleum, coke)
What are the characteristics of good fuel
- Should have a high calorific value (when used as fuel unit weight it should evolve a large amount of heat
- Moisture content should be low to have a heating value high (water)
- Should not produce harmful product like co2,so2, and h2s which is poisonous and pollutes the air
- Low content and non-combustible matter in the form of ash, this can enhance the cost of storage, handling, and disposal of waste
- Controllable combustion of fuel so that it can be started and stopped
- Economically and easily available
- No offensive odor
What is solid fuel
Coal is a fossil fuel made from plant debris altered by heat and pressure over millions of years. It mainly consists of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, along with some inorganic matter.
What is liquid fuel?
Petroleum: Thick, dark oil in the Earth’s crust consisting of hydrocarbons (paraffins, olefins, aromatics) and small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur.
What is the classification of coal
Coal Classification: Rank categorizes coal, based on carbon content and maturity. Wood is composed of Peat is a fuel type, and anthracite is a coal variety
Classification of petroleum
petroleum has three types which are based on the chemical nature of crude oil which is found in the earth
- Paraffinic base type crude oil. Contains saturated hydrocarbons from CH4 to C35 H72 and little amount of naphthalene
- Asphaltic-base type crude oil; contains mainly cycloparaffins or naphthalene with smaller amounts of paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbons
- Mixed-base type crude oil: It contains both paraffinic and asphaltic hydrocarbons and is generally in the form of semi-solid waxes.
- Aromatic is cycloparaffins
Different liquid fuels?
Petrol
Diesel oil
Biofuel
Alcohol
What is Deisel
The second important type of fuel in car drives is made in the process of petroleum refinement.
Petrol
- Car with an engine powered by petroleum fuel (petrol, diesel oil)
- On 10.00 km of mileage emits 380 kg of CO ( Carbon monoxide), 110 kg CH (Hydrocarbons), 20kg of nitric oxide, and almost 2 kg of sulfur and lead.
What is energy?
Energy is the power to do work and it is measured by KJ or KC and we need energy to stay alive,keep warm and be active
based on what do Different people need different amounts of dietary energy depending on their?
Age,gender,body size, level of activity,genes
What is energy provided by
Carbohydrates,protien,fat and drinks we consume’’
We refer to the thing that provide us with energy by____
Macronutrients
How much KJ does proteins provide us with
(17KJ)
How much KJ does fats provide us with?
37KJ
How much KJ does carbohydrate provide us with
16 KJ
How much KJ does alcohol provide us with
29 KJ
what are estimated average requirement figures for nutrition called?
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
What is also recommended from the EAR?
- about 50% of our energy intake should come from carbohydrate
- no more than 35% of our energy intake should come from fat.
- That means around 15% of our energy intake should come from protein.
Babies young children and teenagers need more energy in relation. True or false?
True
