fun facts

Question 1

alkali metals

Answer 1

• large radii
• low ionization energy
• low EN
• +1 cations
• oxides and hydrides are basic in water

Question 2

Group 1 and 2 metal displacement reaction w/water

Answer 2

• M +H20 yields M+n, OH-, H2 (alkali metals react vigorously in water)

Question 3

Beryllium

Answer 3

forms covalent bonds bc of small size and ability to attract e
- oxide that forms emeralds

Question 4

calcium

Answer 4

building materials from concrete to teeth
F inserts instead of OH- in tooth enamel to protect from decay

Question 5

Mg+2

Answer 5

in chlorophyll makes the molecule more rigid to permit electron transport instead of energy loss thru vibrations

Question 6

Boron

Answer 6

• forms unusual bonds to satisfy octet rule
• found in boric acid to kill ants
• borax used as detergent

Question 7

aluminum

Answer 7

• lightest metal with commerical apps
• made from Bayer and Hall process
• oxide that forms ruby, sapphire, and topaz gemstones

Question 8

carbon

Answer 8

• three allotropes
  c60: interesting tubular and spherical structures
  co3(2-): inorganic form of carbon that is an essential part of a cycle involving the greenhouse gas Co2, a diprotic acid, and limestone, Caco3

Question 9

silicon

Answer 9

• ubiquitous, second most prominent element in the earth crust
• used in glass, transistors, silicone, lubricants, and more
  quartz (silicon oxide) is the most common mineral
  amethyst is the most famous gemstone made form Si

Question 10

nitrogen

Answer 10

• many oxidation states (-3 to +5)
  explsoives
  fertilizers (ammonia is made w the haber process)
  oxide in laughing gas, viagra, smog, and preservatives

Question 11

phosphorus

Answer 11

• many common materials like soaps, toothpaste, fertilizer, pestivides
• extracted from Ca3(PO4)2 rock
• backbone in nucleic acids like DNA
• phosphates cause algae bloom, use is discouraged

Question 12

H2SO4

Answer 12

• chemical manufactured in largest quantities
• Claus and contact processes
• uses = strong acid, oxidizing agent, dehydrating agent
• extraction of phosphate from rock, production of paper, reactant in production of important chems

Question 13

Halides

Answer 13

• small radii
• high ionization energy
• high en
• form -1 anions
• oxides and hydrides are acidic

Question 14

chlorine

Answer 14

• manufactured as Cl2
• strong oxidizing agent
• used in disinfection and sanitation
• used to make PVC tubing

Question 15

noble gases

Answer 15

• inert with 2 or 8 filled shell electrons
• uses include cryogens (He), inert gases (Ar), lights (Ne)