Functional Groups

Question 1

Amino Family

Answer 1

Amines

Question 2

Amino Formula

Answer 2

H   
   \
     N  -- R
   /
H

Question 3

Amino Properties

Answer 3

Acts as a base - tends to attract a proton to form:
        H
        I
H -- +N -- H
        I
        H
Attracts protons, functions as a base

Question 4

Carbonyl Family

Answer 4

Aldehydes & Keytones

Question 5

Carbonyl Formula for Aldehydes

Answer 5

O
         //
R -- C
         \
           H

Question 6

Carbonyl Aldehydes Properties

Answer 6

Aldehydes react with certain compounds to prdouce larger molecules to form

      OH
       I
R -- C -- H
       I
      R

Question 7

Carbonyl formula for Keytones

Answer 7

R – C – R
II
O

Question 8

Carboxyl Family

Answer 8

Carboxylic Acids

Question 9

Carboxyl Formula

Answer 9

O
         //
R -- C
         \
           OH

Question 10

Carboxyl Properties

Answer 10

Acts as an acid – tends to lose a proton in solution to form

Question 11

Hydroxyl Family

Answer 11

Alcohols

Question 12

Hydroxyl Formula

Answer 12

R – OH

Question 13

Hydroxyl Properties

Answer 13

Highly polar, so makes compounds more soluble through hydrogen bonding with water; may also act as a weak acid and drop a proton

Question 14

Phosphate Family

Answer 14

Organic Phosphates

Question 15

Phosphate Formula

Answer 15

O
             II
R -  O -- P -- O -
             II
            O -

Question 16

Phosphate properties

Answer 16

When several phosphates are linked together, breaking O-P bonds between them releases large amounts of energy.
Carries two negative charges

Question 17

Sulfhydryl Family

Answer 17

Thiols

Question 18

Sulfhydryl Formula

Answer 18

R – SH

Question 19

Sulfhydryl Properties

Answer 19

When present in proteins, can form disulfide (S-S) bonds that contribute to protein structure

Question 20

CHONPS

Answer 20

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphate
Sulfur

Question 21

Electronegativity

Answer 21

O»N>C=~H