alkene
C double bond C
arenes
benzene ring
halogenoalkane
CH2Cl
Halogenoarenes
benzene ring bonded to X
alcohol
OH
phenol
benzene ring bonded to alcohol
aldehydes
C double bond to O and single bond to H
Ketones
C double bond to O
carboxylic acid
COOH
Acyl chloride
C double bond O and one chloride
esters
C double bond O and single bond O
Amines
NH2
Phenylamine
NH2 bonded to benzene ring
Amide
C double bond O single bond to NH2
Nitrile
C triple bond to N
ether
-O-