Functional Groups

Question 1

Esters

Answer 1

• Contains an O in the middle of molec
  ||
  –C–O–
• oate conjugation
  Example: ethyl Propanoate

Question 2

Name all the Alkyl Halides

Answer 2

• Fluoro
• Chloro
• Bromo
• Iodo

Question 3

• Contain O=C–H at the end of the molecule
• al conjugation
  Example: ethanal

Answer 3

Aldehydes

Question 4

Alkyl groups: give examples

Answer 4

CH3: methyl
CH2CH3: ethyl
CH2CH2CH3: propyl
and so on

Question 5

Aldehydes

Answer 5

• Contain O=C–H at the end of the molecule
• al conjugation
  Example: ethanal

Question 6

Alchohols

Answer 6

• Contain an OH group
• Numbered Position
• ol conjugation.
  Example: Butanol

Question 7

• In the middle of molecule
• Contain an: O
  ||
  –C–
• one conjugation
  Example: Pentanone

Answer 7

Ketones

Question 8

What are Cycloalkanes?

Answer 8

Molecule chains formed into a hexagonal like ring where the ring is the parent chain.

Question 9

• In the middle of the molecule
• Contain a –O–
• oxy conjugation
  Example: Ethoxy ethane

Answer 9

Ethers

Question 10

What is CnCn+2?

Answer 10

The formula for alkanes

Question 11

• Contain an OH group
• Numbered Position
• ol conjugation.
  Example: Butanol

Answer 11

Alcohols

Question 12

• Contains an O
  ||
  –C–NH2
• amide conjugation

Answer 12

Amides

Question 13

How are Alkyl groups including Akyl Halides sorted

Answer 13

• Alkanes name go in alphabetical order
• Number Alkyl groups based on what carbon they are attached to on the parent chain with the lowest numbers possible
• Can only count the parent chain from one direction
• If there are multiple of an Alkyl they must have a prefix of di, tri, tetra… so on.

Example: 1-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl cyclo pentane
Note how: The ethyl comes before the methyl.
The methyl is dimethyl because there are two

Question 14

Ketones

Answer 14

• In the middle of molecule
• Contain an: O
  ||
  –C–
• one conjugation
  Example: Pentanone

Question 15

What are Cis - Isomers and trans - isomers?

Answer 15

• Cis - isomers are on the same sides. either both on top or both on bottom.
• Starts with a cis-
  Example: cis-1,2-difluoro methene
• Trans - isomers are on opposite sides.
  Either 1. left top and right bottom
  2. bottom left and top right
• Starts with a trans
  Example: trans -1,2-difluro methene

Question 16

• Contains an O in the middle of molec
  ||
  –C–O–
• oate conjugation
  Example: ethyl Propanoate

Answer 16

Esters

Question 17

• Contains an O at the end
  ||
  –C–OH
• oic conjugation / starts with Acetic

Answer 17

Carbonic Acids / Organic Acids

Question 18

• Contains N
• ends with NH2 (for this course)
• amines conjugation / starts with amino
  Example: ethylamine / amino ethane

Answer 18

Amines

Question 19

Amines

Answer 19

• Contains N
• ends with NH2 (for this course)
• amines conjugation / starts with amino
  Example: ethylamine / amino ethane

Question 20

Amides

Answer 20

• Contains an O
  ||
  –C–NH2
• amide conjugation

Question 21

Carbonic Acids / Organic Acids

Answer 21

• Contains an O at the end of molec
  ||
  –C–OH
• oic conjugation / starts with Acetic

Question 22

Ethers

Answer 22

• In the middle of the molecule
• Contain a –O–
• oxy conjugation
  Example: Ethoxy ethane

Question 23

Sate Double and triple bond sorting rules

Answer 23

• Number double and triple bonds based on the bond number they are on the parent chain.
• Takes precedence over alkyl groups.
  Example: 2-methyl-2-butene