alkane
1 sp3 C-C
alkyne
3 sp C triple bond C
alkene
2 sp2 C=C
alkyl halide(haloalkyne)
C-R(F,Cl,Br,I)
Ami(n)e
R-NH2, R-N-R, etc until all are 4 bonds
al(cho)l
R-C-O-H,
thiol
R-C-S-H
ether
R-O-R
ester
R-C-O-R
II
O
epoxide
O-C-R
I I
-C-R
ketone
R-C-R
II
O
aldehyde
R-C-H
II
O
carboxylic acid
R-C-O-H
II
O
Amide
R-C-NH2
II
O
nitrile
R-C(triple)-N
phenol
benzen-OH
phenyl
benzene-R