Alkane
C-C, no, oil
Alkene
C=C, no, oil
Alkyne
C≡C, no, oil
Hydroxyl
-OH, yes, water
Carboxyl
-COOH, yes, water
Carbonyl
-C=O, yes, water
Aldehyde
-CHO, yes, water
Amino
-NH2, yes, water
Phenyl (benzene ring)
C6H5, no, oil
Amide (amino acid)
-CONH, yes, water
Ester
-COO-, yes, water