Functional Groups

Question 1

carboxyl properties

Answer 1

• acidic properties due to polar covalent bond btwn H-O
• acid -> proton donor?
• ionized -1 charge (donating H+ causes -1 charge?)
• consists of hydroxyl and carbonyl?

Question 2

hydroxyl properties

Question 3

carbonyl properties

Question 4

amino properties

Answer 4

• acts as base: proton (H+) acceptor
• ionized +1
• accepting H+ causes +1 charge?

Question 5

amino acids

Answer 5

compounds with both carboxylic acid and amine

Question 6

sulfhydryl

Answer 6

• 2 sulfhydryls can form covalent bond -> “cross-linking” -> stabilize protein structure
• e.g. curl/straighten hair by forming breaking cross linkings
• suflhydryls always in protein?

Question 7

phosphate

Answer 7

• contributes negative charge to molecule it’s attached to
• (-2) if at end of molecule
• (-1) if in center in chain of phosphates
• can react with water to release energy

Question 8

methyl

Answer 8

• affects gene expression when bound to DNA

- arrangement of methyl in M/F sex hormones affects their shape and function