functionalism

Question 1

what’s the consensus theory?

Answer 1

theory that societal structure is built upon the foundation of agreed upon norms and ethical ideals

Question 2

what’s the organic analogy?

Answer 2

compares societal institutions to different organs in a body - it is able to function through the organised system of its parts

Question 3

what’s primary socialisation?

Answer 3

the first socialisation a child gets from their immediate caregivers from which they learn their values, basic skills and culture

Question 4

what’s secondary socialisation ?

Answer 4

the socialisation a child gets from beyond the family and is from where they learn the moral code of their community

Question 5

what’s value consensus?

Answer 5

the need for societies to have a common set of beliefs and principles to work

Question 6

what’s social solidarity?

Answer 6

idea of a well integrated functioning society where all members have been socialised into its shared norms and values

Question 7

what’s collective consciousness?

Answer 7

the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society

Question 8

what’s anomie?

Answer 8

the breakdown of social norms

Question 9

what are particularistic views ?

Question 10

universalistic values

Answer 10

rules and values that apply equally to all members of society regardless of who they are

Question 11

what’s a meritocracy?

Answer 11

a society whereby jobs are allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status.

Question 12

what’s ascribed status?

Answer 12

a status assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life

Question 13

what’s achieved status?

Answer 13

status earned based on one’s merit and choices

Question 14

what is functionalism /gen points

Answer 14

• its a concensus theory of society.
• focus on need for social order
• societal structure is built on the foundation of agreed upon norms
• system of integrated parts

Question 15

functionalist /gen system of integrated parts…..

Answer 15

each institution has a role to play in society
- compares institutions like.. to organs
- e.g. family role = primary soc, transmission of culture, edu = sec soc promotes value concensus

Question 16

whats vale concensus

Answer 16

need for communities to ave common set of principles to work e.g. house system teamwork

Question 17

what does durkheim say 1903

Answer 17

-needs a sense of social solidarity
- individs must feel part of a community

• without this cooperation replaced with self interest = anomie
• edu contributes to social solidarity by transmitting social beliefs from gen to gen - continue work of family

-e.g. history = shared heritage
- soc in miniature
- collective conscious

Question 18

durkheim criticism

Answer 18

• denis wrong: receptivity, conscious beings, not passive
  -doesnt take into account kids w diff starting points, employers fail

Question 19

what does talcott parsons 1961 say

Answer 19

• bridge
• new way of behaving as fam and soc act on different principles
• meritocracy
• universalistic etc
• equal opportunity

Question 20

how does soc and fam not work on same principles

Answer 20

• rules and values apply to everyone equally to all members of soc, regardless of who they are, everyone is given equality of opportunity

Question 21

what’s a criticism of parsons equality of opportunity

Answer 21

equality of opp doesn’t exist
achievement is greatly influenced by other factors e.g….

Question 22

explain parson’s meritocracy

Answer 22

society where jobs r allocated based on ability and achievement rather than soc status
- school/soc= universalistic

Question 23

explain universalistic theory

Answer 23

individs are judged by the same standards - status is achieved e.g. national curriculum, standardised exams

Question 24

explain particularistic