Functions, Position, Structure, Sounds

Question 1

Functions of cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Transport O₂, nutrients, hormones; protect by clotting & immunity; regulate pH, temp, fluid.

Question 2

What is dextrocardia?

Answer 2

Heart on right side; can occur alone or with situs inversus.

Dexter = right” → dextrocardia = heart right-sided.

Question 3

Name 4 chambers of heart.

Answer 3

Right/Left Atrium (receive) + Right/Left Ventricles (pump).

Question 4

order blood flow

Answer 4

🧠 “RA → RV → LA → LV”

Question 5

Which Major Vessels

Answer 5

To Heart (veins)
Away from Heart (arteries):

Question 6

Which vessels attach to right atrium?

Answer 6

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus.

Question 7

Which vessels attach to left atrium?

Answer 7

4 pulmonary veins.

Question 8

VESSELS

Veins to Heart:

Answer 8

SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins.

Question 9

VESSELS

Away from Heart (arteries):

Answer 9

pulmonary arteries, aorta.

Question 10

Valve between RA & RV?

Answer 10

Tricuspid valve. (RA)

Right Atrioventricular

Question 11

Valve between LA & LV?

Answer 11

→ Bicuspid (mitral) valve. (LA)

Left Atrioventricular

Question 12

Semilunar Valves

Answer 12

Pulmonary (SL) & Aortic (SL).

Question 13

Which valves produce Lub and Dub sounds?

Answer 13

Lub = AV close (ventricular systole).
Dub = semilunar close. (ventricular diastole).

Lub = “L” for Large valves (AV), Dub = “D” for Door to arteries closes.

Question 14

Chordae Tendineae & Papillary Muscles

Answer 14

two parts of the heart’s atrioventricular (AV) valves that work together to prevent blood backflow

Question 15

Function of pericardium?

Answer 15

anchors heart, prevents overstretching, reduces friction.

Too much fluid → cardiac tamponade

Question 16

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 16

outer tough layer.

Question 17

Serous pericardium

Answer 17

parietal + visceral (epicardium).

Question 18

Three layers of heart wall?

Answer 18

→ Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

Question 19

Inner Layer, that formes valves

Answer 19

Endocardium

Question 20

Layer that is cardiac muscle tissue, middle layer, most important

Answer 20

Myocardium.

contracts to pump blood.

Question 21

Outer layer with fat & elastic tissue.

Answer 21

Epicardium (visceral pericardium):

Question 22

Which chamber has thickest myocardium?

Answer 22

Left ventricle.

Question 23

Ligamentum Arteriosum

Answer 23

Leftover from fetal circulation (ductus arteriosus).

In fetus: bypassed lungs.
After birth: becomes ligament.