D&D Unit 4 > Fungus (complete) > Flashcards

Fungus (complete) Flashcards

(23 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the characteristics of fungi with respect to morphology, cell composition, and biochemical functioning

A
  • Heterotrophic – no chlorophyll
  • Size: ranges from 3micro to several hundred ft
  • Reproduction: sexual and asexual, unicellular and multicellular
  • Rigid walls: chitin!!
  • Sterol cell membrane: ergosterol
  • Polysacch capcule in some
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2
Q

Explain why fungi differ from bacteria, plants, and animals

A
  • Ergosterol! very specific to fungi

Not cholesterol :DDD

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3
Q

Explain the differences between yeast and hyphal forms of fungi (molds) and recognize that some organisms may be dimorphic

A

Y:

  • unicellular
  • asexual reproduction (fission, budding)
  • shape varies (round, oval)
  • colonies often creamy, pasty
  • can form pseudohyphae

H:

  • Tubular filaments
  • Multicellular
  • Form a mycelial mat! Elongation
  • Typically branching
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4
Q

Describe how direct examination is used to diagnose fungal infections

A
  • look under microscope
  • scrap skin and add to slide w/ the following agents

KOH
Chlorazol black stain
India ink
Wood’s light

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5
Q

Describe how cultures are used to diagnose fungal infections

A
  • What is the grow medium?
  • What are the characteristics? (surface, edges, radial grooves, color of colony, color of converse/reverse)
  • Lactophenol cotton blue examination
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6
Q

Describe how tissue is used to diagnose fungal infections

A
  • Some fungus grows directly in tissue

- Some can only grow on the culture

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7
Q

What are other advanced techniques that may be used for certain infections or in specific circumstances?

A
  • Serological

- PCR

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8
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of polyenes

A

“polyenes punch holes in cell membrane”

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9
Q

Describe the selective inhibition associated with polyenes

A

Bind to and inhibit ergosterol assembly

Won’t attack human cells!!

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10
Q

What is an example of polyenes?

A

Amphotericin

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11
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of azoles/triazoles

A

Interfere w/ ergosterol synthesis via 14-demethylase pathway

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12
Q

Describe the selective inhibition of azoles/triazoles

A

Focuses on esgosterol synthesis pathways (not in humans)

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13
Q

What is an example of azoles/triazoles?

A

Efinaconazole, luliconazole

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14
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of allylamines/benzylamines

A
  • Fungacidal drug
  • Inhibits squalene epoxidase => blocks ergosterol synthesis
  • Squalene just accumulates => fungal cell death
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15
Q

Describe the selective inhibition of allylamines/benzylamines

A

Focuses on ergosterol synthesis (at an early point in synthesis)

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16
Q

What is dimorphism?

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A
  • Specific fungi may grow in 2 different forms

- Depends on environmental stimulus (often temperature)

17
Q

What are examples of classic thermal dimorphic fungi?

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A

Some Can Have Both Phases

1) Sporothrix schenckii
2) Coccidioides immitis
3) Histoplasma capsulatum
4) Blastomyces dermatitidis
5) Paracoccidioides basiliensis

18
Q

Describe the morphology of Conidium

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A
  • An asexual spore

- come off aerial hyphae (can be macro or micro)

19
Q

Describe the morphology of Sporangium

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A
  • An asexual spore
  • have membranous sac
  • looks like a lollipop
20
Q

Describe the morphology of Chlamydospores

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A
  • An asexual spore
  • fungi version of bacterial spores (protect its genetic material for a long time)
  • resistant to adverse enviro conditions when its under stress
  • don’t stick out — fluid as either terminal or intercalary
21
Q

Describe the morphology of Arthrospores

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A
  • An asexual spore
  • like a spine/vertebrae
  • grow in culture
22
Q

Describe the morphology of Spherules

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A
  • An asexual spore
  • grow in tissue
  • filled w/ small endospores
23
Q

Describe the morphology of Blastoconidia

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A
  • An asexual spore
  • small buds seen in yeast
  • divide asymmetrically
D&D Unit 4
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