Rate of descent
5 x groundspeed x glide path / 3
Convergency
= CH Long x SIN
Mean Lat
NDB - use variation at……
aeroplane
VOR use variation at…….
Station
TKE =
Distance off track X60 / Distance along track
Departure (nm) =
CH Long (mins) x COS Lat
If longitude plus longitude = 180
180 - (latitude x2) x60
ICAO requirement straight line
Chart convergence must approximate the earth convergence
Wind velocity used for climb is…….
WV at 2/3 cruising altitude
What is variation?
The difference between true and magnetic north
What is deviation?
The error between compass north and magnetic north
Best ground feature to check TIME
Different from the best to find position
Colour of contours on aeronautical charts?
Brown (contour is ground elevation)