G2 - Changing urban systems

Question 1

Urban growth

Answer 1

Increase in the number of urban dwellers

Question 2

Urban sprawl

Answer 2

Physical growth or spread into surrounding area of a city

Question 3

Urbanisation

Answer 3

Increase in the proportion of population living in towns and cities

Question 4

Causes of Urbanisation

Answer 4

Natural population growth
- traditionally young adults migrating for higher-paid jobs, education, social/cultural diversity

Question 5

Rural-urban migration (push factors)

Answer 5

unemployment, lower-wages, poor services, poor living conditions

Question 6

Rural-urban migration (pull factors)

Answer 6

more job opportunities, education, better facilities, more active lifestyle

Question 7

Urbanisation and Economic Development

Answer 7

In developed areas, there may be counter - urbanisation for lifestyle reasons

Question 8

Gentrification

Answer 8

The reinvestment of capital into inner-city areas, reviving deteriorated urban areas by encouraging more affluent people to move to the area, resulting in increased property

Question 9

Gentrification (Cons)

Answer 9

Poorer residents may be displaced

It could cause social tensions between residents

Question 10

Urban renewal

Answer 10

Economic/cultural renewal of an area that has suffered a decline

e.g docklands (manufacturing decline)
Sport led redevelopment (olympic park)

Question 11

Centripetal (Inwards movement)

Answer 11

Rural-urban migration, gentrification, re-urbanisation, urban renewal

Question 12

Centrifugal (outwards movement)

Answer 12

Suburbanisation, urban sprawl, counter - urbanisation

Question 13

Suburbanisation

Answer 13

Movement from inner city to outer edges

Due to growth of public transport, car use, new roads, railing lines allow wealth to live outside (commuters)

Question 14

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 14

Migration from major urban areas to smaller urban areas and rural areas
- can lead to rural gentrification

Question 15

Urban sprawl

Answer 15

Spread of urban area into surrounding countryside, uncontrolled and unplanned usually

loss of wildlife habitats, increase in dependence on cars, loss of farmland and open spaces, greenbelts used to regulate urban sprawl

Question 16

Natural Increase

Answer 16

Birth rate exceeding death rate