GA 1

Question 1

Superior Thoracic Aperture

Answer 1

• contents: trachea, esophagus, nerves, and vessels

- boundaries: T1 vertebral segment, paired 1st ribs, and superior manubrium

Question 2

Inferior Thoracic Aperture

Answer 2

• contents: esophagus, inferior vena cava

- boundaries: T12 vertebral segment, 11th and 12th ribs, 7th-10th costal cartilages, and the xiphisternal joint)

Question 3

True Ribs

Answer 3

• Vertebrocostal
• attach to the sternum via their own costal cartilage
• 1-7

Question 4

False Ribs

Answer 4

• Vertebrochondral
• attach from vertebral segments to join the costal cartilage immediately superior to that segment
• 8-10

Question 5

Floating Ribs

Answer 5

• Vertebral
• do NOT attach to the sternum
• 11-12

Question 6

Typical Ribs

Answer 6

3-9

Question 7

Atypical Ribs

Answer 7

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

Question 8

Manubriosternal Joint

Answer 8

1. Symphysis
2. Sternal Angle and 2nd Costal Notch
   ?

Question 9

Xiphisternal Joint

Answer 9

1. Synchondrosis (permanent, but could theoretically ossify)
2. Inferior limit of the thorax and 7th costal notch
   ?

Question 10

Sternocostal Joint

Answer 10

1. Synchondrosis (1st rib) and Synovial Planar (ribs 2-7)
2. Sternum and ribs
3. Anterior Radiate Sternocostal L.
   - Posterior Radiate Sternocostal L.

Question 11

Costovertebral Joint

Answer 11

1. Synovial Planar
2. head of rib and vertebral body
3. Radiate L.
   - Intraarticular L.
   - Articular Capsule

Question 12

Costotransverse Joint

Answer 12

1. Synovial Planar
2. Rib to rib
3. Lateral Costotransverse L.
   - Superior Costotransverse L.

Question 13

Costochondral Joint

Answer 13

1. Synchondrosis

2. Ribs and costal cartilages

Question 14

Dislocation of the ribs means…

Answer 14

dislocation of the sternocostal joint

Question 15

Separation of the ribs means…

Answer 15

separation of the costochondral joint

Question 16

Interchondral Joint

Answer 16

1. Planar Synovial (6/7, 7/8, 8/9 costal cartilages), and Fibrous Joint (9/10 costal cartilages)
2. Costal Cartilages
3. Interchondral L.

Question 17

Thoracic Vertebral Joint - Intervertebral Joint

Answer 17

1. Symphysis
2. Anterior Longitudinal L.
   - Posterior Longitudinal L.
   - Ligamentum Flavum
   - Interspinous L.
   - Intertransverse L.
   - Supraspinous L.
   - Intervertebral Discs

Question 18

Thoracic Vertebral Joint - Zygapophyseal Joint

Answer 18

1. Planar Synovial
2. Anterior Longitudinal L.
   - Posterior Longitudinal L.
   - Ligamentum Flavum
   - Interspinous L.
   - Intertransverse L.
   - Supraspinous L.
   - Intervertebral Discs

Question 19

Thoracentisis

Answer 19

• insertion of hypodermic needles through the intercostal musculature between ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood/fluid from the pleural cavity
• need is inserted between ribs inferior to the intercostal NV bundle, but superior to the collateral branches

Question 20

Insertion of Chest Tube

Answer 20

• insertion of a tube to remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from the Pleural Cavity;
• tube is typically inserted in the 5th or 6th intercostal space

Question 21

Thoroscopy

Answer 21

-insertion of a horoscope into the pleural cavity through a small incision for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the plural cavity

Question 22

External Intercostal M.

Answer 22

A. Elevate Ribs

N. Intercostal N.

Question 23

Internal Intercosta M.

Answer 23

A. Depress ribs

N. Intercostal N.

Question 24

Innermost Intercostal M.

Answer 24

A. Undetermined (probably depress ribs)

N. Intercosta N.

Question 25

Transverse Thoracic M.

Answer 25

A. Depress ribs | N. Intercostal N.

Question 26

Subcostal M.

Answer 26

A. Probably act as the internal intercostal M. | N. Intercostal N.