***GAIT***

Question 1

What is ‘GAIT’?

Answer 1

Sequence of motions that occur between 2 consecutive initial contacts of the same foot during ambulation

Question 2

‘STANCE’ Phase?

Answer 2

Part of gait cycle where the foot or supporting limb is in contact with the ground or other supporting surface

Question 3

‘SWING” Phase?

Answer 3

Part of gait cycle where the reference limb is in the air or not in contact with any surface

Question 4

What 3 critical things are needed for functional gait?

Answer 4

• Acceptance of weight by supporting limb
• Period of single limb support
• Advancement of the limb

Question 5

What are the 3 PHASES of Gait-SWING for limb advancement?

Answer 5

1. Initial swing (acceleration)
2. Mid-swing
3. Terminal swing (deceleration)

Question 6

Normal ankle flexion for gait (degrees)?

Answer 6

STANCE:
dorsi flexion (initial contact) = 10 degrees
plantar flexion (toe off) = 20 degrees

SWING:
0 degrees

Question 7

Normal knee flexion for gait (degrees)?

Answer 7

STANCE:
30 degrees flexion (before toes off)

SWING:
60 degrees flexion (to clear toe mid-swing)

Question 8

Normal hip flexion for gait (degrees)?

Answer 8

STANCE:
30 degree flexion
20 degree extension

SWING:
25 degree flexion
20 degree extension

Question 9

Muscles used by ANKLE during gait?

Answer 9

STANCE:
Tibialis anterior & Gastronemius

SWING:
Tibialis anterior

Question 10

Muscles used by KNEE during gait?

Answer 10

STANCE:
Quadraceps (conc & ecc)

SWING:
Hamstrings (conc & ecc)

Question 11

Muscles used by HIP during gait?

Answer 11

STANCE:
Glutes (ecc then conc)

SWING:
Hip flexors (concentric)

Question 12

List of MUSCULAR gait abnormalities

Answer 12

• Trendelenberg (glute medius)
• Gluteus medius lurch
• Foot drop
• Quadriceps gait
• Gluteus maximus gait

Question 13

List of NEUROGENIC gait abnormalities

Answer 13

• Ataxic
• Hemiplegic
• Parkinsonian
• Scissors gait

Question 14

List of OTHER gait abnormalities

Answer 14

• Arthrogenic (joint injury)
• Antalgic (painful limb)
• Psoatic limp (inflammation?)
• Short leg