Gait Deviations

Question 1

Propulsive Gait

Answer 1

Stooped, Rigid Posture
Forward Head Posture
Forward Lean

Question 2

Parkinsonian Gait

Answer 2

Short, Rapid Steps
No Arm Swing
Difficulty w/Starting, Stopping, & Turning

Question 3

Steppage Gait

Answer 3

Exaggerated Hip & Knee Flexion w/Foot Drop

Question 4

Steppage Gait

Answer 4

Presence means pt may have:
     Weak Dorsiflexors
     Peroneal N. Damage
     Polyneuropathy
     Polio
     MS
     L5 Disc Herniation
     GBS

Question 5

Waddling Gait

Answer 5

Toe-Out

Wide BoS

Question 6

Waddling Gait

Answer 6

Presence means pt could have:
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Muscular Dystrophy
Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Question 7

Ataxic Gait

Answer 7

Wide BoS
Uncoordinated Movements
Increased Trunk Movements
Variable Foot Placement

Question 8

Ataxic Gait

Answer 8

Presence means pt could have:
Cerebellar Disorder
Severe Sensory Deficit

Question 9

Hemiplegic Gait

Answer 9

Decreased Velocity
Decreased Stance Time on AS
Decreased Step Length on UA
Limb Instability
Difficulty w/Limb Clearance→ Toe Drag, Hip Hiking, Circumduction
Difficulty w/Limb Advancement
Synergy

Question 10

Antalgic Gait

Answer 10

Decreased Stride Length
Avoidance of WB on AS
Maintains Slightly Flexed Knee
Toe Walking on AS

Stance:
     Decreased Stance Time
     Lean towards AS
     Heel Strike Avoidance
     Toe Off Avoidance

Swing:
Flexion, ER, Abduction to relax joint capsule

Question 11

Limited Hip Flexion

Answer 11

Decreased Step Length & Speed
Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Backward Lean
Excessive Forward Pelvic Rotation
Hip Hiking 
Circumduction
Voluntary knee flexion
Contralateral Vaulting
Contralateral Trunk Lean

Question 12

Limited Hip Extension

Answer 12

Decreased Step Length
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Backward Lean
Lumbar Lordosis
Excessive Knee Flexion/Massed Flexion

Question 13

Excessive Hip Adduction

Answer 13

Scissoring Gait

Presence means pt could have:
Adductor Contracture
Abductor Weakness
Use of adductors as hip flexor in swing

Question 14

Excessive Hip Abduction

Answer 14

Circumduction
Balance Issues
Leg Length Discrepancy

Question 15

Excessive ER

Answer 15

Backward Pelvic Rotation

Presence means pt could have:
     Weak IR’s
     Overactive Glute Max
     Weak Quads
     Use of adductors as hip flexor
     Use of peroneals as plantarflexors→ Bc pt has limited   plantarflexor length

Question 16

Excessive IR

Answer 16

Forward Pelvic Rotation

Presence means pt could have:
     Weak ER’s
     Overactive Medial Hamstrings
     Overactive adductors
     TFL & anterior GM activity
     Weak Quads

Question 17

Pelvic Hike

Answer 17

Generally Weak Hip

Difficulty w/foot clearance

Question 18

Trendelenburg

Answer 18

Uncompensated:
Weak Abductors
Adductor Contracture/Spasticity
Problems w/Joint Kinesthetics

Compensated:
     Limb Length Discrepancy
     Scoliosis
     Contralateral Abductor Weakness
     Adductors Contracture
     Excessive Plantarflexion

Question 19

Limited Pelvic Rotation

Answer 19

Rigid Spine w/Stiff Gait

Question 20

Forward Trunk Lean

Answer 20

Weak Glute Max
Weak Quads
Ankle PF

Question 21

Limited Knee Flexion

Answer 21

Weak Quads
Difficulty w/toe off & possible toe drag
Excessive hip flexion

Question 22

Excessive Knee Extension

Answer 22

Weak Quads

Dynamic Retraction to maintain speed & endurance

Question 23

Limited Knee Extension

Answer 23

Decreased Step Length
Hamstring Spasticity
Rapid advancement of Tibia due to Weak Soleus

Question 24

Weak Quads

Answer 24

Knee buckles during loading
Hyperextension during stance
Forward lurch
Maintenance of knee extension until opposite foot is fully loaded
Fast Retraction of Hip in Terminal Swing

Question 25

Excessive PF

Answer 25

Decreased Stride Length Decreased Step Length Decreased Velocity Initial Contact Low Heel Contact Forefoot Strike Instead of Heel Strike Loading Decreased Knee Flexion ``` Midstance Knee Hyperextension Early Heel-Off (Fast) Forward Lean (Slow) Decreased Heel Rocker to Toe Off ``` ``` Midswing Circumduction Lateral Trunk Lean Increased Hip & Knee Flexion Toe Drag Contralateral Vaulting ```

Question 26

Excessive DF

Answer 26

``` Decreased Gait Speed Decreased Step Length Crouched Gait in Stance No Heel Strike Instability During Single Limb Support Late Heel Off Excessive Eversion ```

Question 27

Excessive Inversion (Varus)

Answer 27

Lateral Forefoot Loading Early Heel Off ``` Presence means pt could have: Overactive Soleus Plantarflexion Contracture Overactive Toe Flexors Weak Peroneals ```

Question 28

Excessive Eversion (Valgus)

Answer 28

Excessive Dorsiflexion Shortened Heel-on at IC Presence means pt could have: Weak Invertors