Biliary tract portions (4 point)
- supra duodenal
- retro duodenal
- pancreatic
- intra mural
Choledocholithiasis presentation
- biliary colic
- jaundice
- cholangitis
- pancreatitis
Asymptomatic stones removal indications (4 points)
- more than > 2 cm
- carcification in the wall
- young people
- neuropathic diabetic patient
Gallbladder capacity
20-30—200-300 ml
The root for spreading of gallbladder cancer to the lover
Right portal vein
Sphincter of oddi resting pressure
13 mm hg
Common biliary duct length and diameter
7.5 cm
6 mm
Sympathetic effect on biliary
- contraction of the sphincter
- relaxation of the gallbladdr
Cholecystitis complications (7 points)
- gangrene
- empyema
- perforation
- emphysematous cholecystitis
- cholangitis
- jaundice
- Hydrops
Physiology of the gallbladder
Storage and concentration of bile (2-10 times)
Biliary colic characteristics (3 points)
- rapid increase in intensity
- last up to 6 hours followed gradual decrease
- post prandial
Clinical presentation of gallstones (6 points)
- silent
- biliary colic
- cholecystitis
- Choledocholithiasis
- Pancreatitis
- cancer gall bladder
Cystic duct valves
Valves of heister
Sphincter of oddi contraction pressure
130 mm hg
Common hepatic duct length and diameter
1-2.5 cm
4mm
Sphincter of oddi contractions
4 contractions/min
CCK effects (parasympathetic)
Bile move
- relaxation of the sphincter
- contraction of the gallbladder
Acute cholecystitis symptoms
- long biliary colic
- anorexia
- nausea and vomiting
- fever
- tachycardia
Gall bladder cancer presentations
- right upper quadrant pain
- abdominal mass
- jaundice
- weight loss
- dyspepsia
- anorexia
Sphincter of oddi length
4-6 mm
Lymphatics for gallbladder
Node of lund
Cystic duct length
0.5-4 cm
