What kinds of crime are both genders more likely to commit?
-women frequently commit victimless or non-violent crimes like fraud, theft or tv license evasion.
-men more likely to commit sexual and violent crimes
What percentage of arrests and prison population are women?
GOV.UK 2024, females make up just 16% of arrests, 4% of prison population
evidence to answer which gender serves lighter sentences?
a) As of June 2024, women 4 x more likely to serve a sentence less than 12 months GOV.UK 2024
b) Hoods (1989) analysis of 3000 cases found that women were 1/3 less likely to receive custodial sentences than men for similar crimes.
What specific crimes are more often committed by women?
-TV license evasion-74% offences committed by females and comprising 30% of all female crime (MOJ 2019)
-Truancy 71% offences female
-Drunkenness in charge of child 62% offences female
-Benefit fraud 55% offences female
Are men or women more likely to be first-time offenders?
women, 35%
(MOJ 2019)
What crimes are less likely to be committed by women?
-violence against person; 16% offences female
-sex offences; 2% offences female
-robbery; 8% offences female
-possession of weapon(s); 7% offences female
according to MOJ 2019
What does Heidensohns theory state
Control theory-women more tightly controlled and surveillanced by men
Home-triple shift, less opportunity and stigma. traditional roles do not possess values to commit crime, caring, passive, nurturing.
Public-fear of male violence, heightened surveillance and societal restrictions. Discourage women from being in certain places at specific time such as late night due to concern about personal safety. Limits their physical presence in situations where crime may occur.
Work-Restricted from higher positions by glass ceiling so less opportunity to commit white collar crime
What does Pollacks chivalry thesis suggest?
lower crimes rates amongst women evidence leniency in the CJS
male police are less likely to arrest and prosecute female criminals
male judges will give female prisoners more lenient sentences
Social norms condition men to be protective towards women
what does Box suggest about why female crime is on the rise
Stephen Box-poverty over liberation
female crime linked to economic marginalisation
what does Denscombe suggest about why female crime is on the rise
-studied teenage girls in midlands, found they were adopting male behaviours
ladette culture; rejection of stereotypes and social restrictions/stigmas
what does Allen’s liberation thesis suggest?
feminism and growth in women’s work and public life also extends to crime
women more assertive and independent
