Genealogy

Question 1

What is DNAs full scientific name?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are genes?

Answer 2

Sections of DNA that code for particular traits

Question 3

What are alleles?

Answer 3

Variant of a gene controlling the same trait e.g blue eye alleles vs brown eye alleles

Question 4

What is a genotype?

Answer 4

Letters representing the traits

Question 5

What is phenotype?

Answer 5

The physical characteristics.

Question 6

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 6

A trait that will always show and override a recessive trait. They are represented by a capital letter in punnet squares.

Question 7

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 7

A trait only expressed when the genotype is homozygous. Only females can carry a recessive gene and not be affected by it. They are represented by lowercase letters in punnett squares.

Question 8

What is a sex-linked trait?

Answer 8

When a gene is located on a sex chromosome and is therefore associated with the sex of a person.

Question 9

What is an autosomal trait?

Answer 9

22 pairs of chromosomes that control the inheritance of characteristics that are not sex linked

Question 10

What is a carrier?

Answer 10

A woman with XX chromosomes who carries a recessive trait on one chromosome that is masked by a dominant trait.

Question 11

What sex is associated with XX chromosomes?

Answer 11

Female.

Question 12

What sex is associated with XY chromosomes?

Answer 12

Male.

Question 13

What is mitosis?

Answer 13

A process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 14

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 14

Growth, repair and replacing cells.

Question 15

What is meiosis?

Answer 15

A type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms that produces four cells, each with half the full complement of DNA.

Question 16

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 16

Production of gametes

*a gamete is the reproductive cell of a plant or animal.

Question 17

What is a gamete?

Answer 17

The reproductive cell of a plant or animal.

Question 18

What does IPMAT+C stand for?

Answer 18

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
*Is an acronym for remembering the stages of mitosis

Question 19

What are Similarities of meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 19

-They both produce new cells
-They both start with a single parent cell

Question 20

What are some differences of meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 20

Mitosis
-Has 4 stages + interphase
Meiosis
-Has 8 stages + cyto

Mitosis
-Purpose is cellular proliferation
Meiosis
-Purpose is sexual reproduction

Mitosis
-Produces two diploid daughter cells
Meiosis
-Produces 4 haploid daughter cells

Mitosis
-Number of chromosomes stays the same (46)
Meiosis
-Number of chromosomes is halved for each daughter cell (23)

*proliferation is the rapid increase of a cell, part or organism
*a diploid contaions two complete sets of chromosomes (46)
*a haploid contains a single set of chromosomes (23)

Question 21

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 21

46

Question 22

EXTRA

Answer 22

The stages of meiosis
Interphase
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interphase II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II

Question 23

How do you tell if a trait is dominant?

Answer 23

-No skipping generations
-Only one parent needs to have the trait

Question 24

Neucleotide

Answer 24

Building block of DNA, composed of phosphate group, sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 25

Species

Answer 25

A group of genetically similar organisms that can exchange genetic information and produce fertile offspring

Question 26

Pedigree

Answer 26

Diagram that represents the relationship between biologically related individuals

Question 27

Evolution

Answer 27

The theory that all living things that exist today developed from eariler forms

Question 28

Selection pressure

Answer 28

Environmental factors or influences that affect reproduction in a species or population

Question 29

Chromosomes

Answer 29

A long strand of DNA coiled up around histones; carries genetic infromation in the form of genes

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

A double stranded molecule that codes for traits and is pased from parents to offspring; found in the nucleus of all living things; blueprint of life and responsible for most characterisics of an organism

Question 31

What is the order of DNA replication

Answer 31

Helicase unzips, polymerase adds nucleotides and ligase bonds the strands

Question 32

How do u tell if a pedigree is dominant

Answer 32

individuals shaded in every generation

Question 33

how do u tell if pedigree is recessive

Answer 33

may skip generations two non affected parents can have affected offspring

Question 34

location of DNA in cells

Answer 34

neucleus

Question 35

relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes

Answer 35

Chromosomes are made of DNA, and genes are specific segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins. (Essentially, DNA is the blueprint, chromosomes are the organised package of that blueprint, and genes are the individual instructions within the blueprint)

Question 36

symbols in the structure of a nucleotide

Answer 36

circle- phosphate group hexagon- pentose sugar rectangle- nitrogenous base

Question 37

What did Rosalind franklin, and Watson and Crick discover

Answer 37

The DNAs double helix structure

Question 38

What did gregor mendel do

Answer 38

laws of genetic inheritance

Question 39

How do you tell if a trait is recessive?

Answer 39

-skips generations -both parents must have trait

Question 40

Steps of DNA replication

Answer 40

1. Helicase 2.Polymerase 3. Ligase

Question 41

What does the circle in nitrogenous base represent

Answer 41

Phosphate group

Question 42

What is the second step of DNA replication

Answer 42

2. Enzyme, Polymerase adds nucleotides to the exposed bases (according to base paring rules)

Question 43

What does the hexagon in a nitrogenous base represent

Answer 43

Sugar

Question 44

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 44

46

Question 45

What is the first step of DNA replication

Answer 45

Enzyme, Helicase unzips, exposing nitrogenous bases

Question 46

What is the third step of DNA replication

Answer 46

Enzyme, Ligase, bonds the sugar and phosphate backbone with the nitrogenous bases