Virulence
properties that allow an organism to establish infection and to cause disease or death
Mehanisms of Host Defense against Infection
Skin, tears, normal bacterial flora, gastric acid, bile, salivary/pancreatic secretions, filtration in nasopharynx, mucociliary blanket, neutrophils, monocytes, complement, Igs, cell-mediated immunity
Opportunistic pathogens
organisms that mainly cause disease in hosts with impaired defenses
Viruses
require living cells in order to replicate - obligate intracellular parasites