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General Flashcards

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1
Q

Vidiano and Kotsifali are grape varieties thought to be indigenous to what island?

A

Crete

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2
Q

Monemvassia-Malvasia

A

PDO for sweet wines, southern Pelopennese

  • Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)
  • Fortified Sweet White (VDN)
  • min 51% Monemvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa
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4
Q

Retsina

Most common white grape

A

Saavatiano

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5
Q

T/F: Retsina cannot be labeled with a vintage.

A

True

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6
Q

Greece

Number of indigenous varietals

A

over 300

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7
Q

Two large producers who dominate the Greek wine industry

A

Boutari

Tsantali

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8
Q

Greece wine laws

Year 1st implemented

A

1969 and 1970

  • Most of the country’s appellations were established in 1971
  • Laws refined in the 1980s
  • Overseen by the Greek Wine Institute
  • Conform to EU standards and resemble the French model
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9
Q

Year most of Greece’s appellations were established

A

1971

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10
Q

2 levels of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) quality wine

A
  • Controlled Appellation of Origin
    • status reserved for traditional sweet wine
  • Appellation of Superior Quality

* While these 2 separate categories remain, “PDO Wines of Greece” will appear on current and future bottles of wines featuring a designation of origin, especially those destined for export.

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11
Q

“Reserve”

A
  • White - min. 1 yr, 6 mo barrel, 3 mo bottle
  • Red - min. 2 yrs, 1 yr barrel, 6 mo bottle
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12
Q

“Grand Reserve”

A
  • White - 2 yrs, 1 yr barrel, 6 mo bottle
  • Red - 4 yrs, 18 mo barrel, 18 mo bottle
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13
Q

Verdea

A

Oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos of the Ionian Sea

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14
Q

3 other categories of wine quality below PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) level

A
  • PGI (Protected Geographical Indication)
  • Varietal - still awaiting its official unveiling in 2011 due to bureaucratic delays, comprises table wines that carry a vintage and variety on the label, whereas ordinary “Table” wines cannot
  • Table
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16
Q

PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) zones

3 levels

A
  • Regional - equivalent to the major regions of Greece, such as Pelopnnese and Crete
  • District
  • Area - so small they may include a single estate
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17
Q

Regions of the Greek mainland

A
  • Thrace
  • Macedonia
  • Epirus
  • Thessalia
  • Peloponnese
  • Cental Greece (Sterea Ellada)
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18
Q

Region known as Sterea Ellada

A

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

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19
Q

Region home to some of Greece’s best red wines

A

Macedonia

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20
Q

Thrace

Number of PDO appellations

A

None

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21
Q

Sole grape for red wines of Naoussa and Amynteo

A

Xinomavro (“acid-black”)

  • Firmly tannic
  • vs. Macedonia’s Goumenissa PDO, which produces lighter Xinomavro wines with min. 20% Negoska
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22
Q

Goumenissa PDO

Style

A
  • Xinomavro + min 20% Negoska
  • Lighter profile
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23
Q

Min. % of Negoska added to Xinomavro in Goumenissa PDO

A

20% Negoska

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24
Q

“Cava”

A
  • Aging indication for PGI wines
  • White and rosé - min 1 yr, 6 mo oak
  • Reds - min. 3 yrs, 1 yr oak
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25
Q

What term may be added to the label of Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve wines to indicate oak aging beyond the required minimums?

A

“Palaiomenos se vareli”

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26
Q

Greece’s coolest region

A

Amynteo PDO

  • Within Macedonia
  • Only PDO to allow the production of rosé wines (?); these may be dry to semisweet, and still or sparkling
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27
What is the only PDO to allow the production of rosé wines?
**Amynteo** * **In Macedonia** * **Rosés may be dry to semisweet, and still or sparkling: 100% Xinomavro** **Rhodes** * **Red/Rose: minimum 70% Mandilaria**
28
PDO in Macedonia that is a single appellation for **Domaine Carras**
**Slopes of Meliton (Plagies Meltiona)** ## Footnote Domaine Carras - a trailblazing, ambitius Greek estate
30
Red PDO wines from **Domaine Carras** are a blend of what grapes
* **Cabernet Sauvignon** * **Cabernet Franc** * **and native Liminio**
32
Who nurtured the native white Malagousia grape from the brink of extinction and now produces varietal wines of high aromatic intensity from the grape at his own domaine in the PGI district fo Thassaloniki in northern Macedonia?
**Evangelos Gerovassiliou** * **Winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim**
33
Southernmost appellation for Xinomavro
**Rapsani** PDO * Within Thessalia * Xinomavro's tannins and acid structure are softened by the warmer climate and mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes
34
Rapsani PDO (w/in Thessalia) 2 grapes required in the blend with Xinomavro
* **Krasato,** **Stavroto** * Lighter red grapes
35
PDO in Thessalia for only white wines
**Anchialos PDO** * Blended from **Roditis** and **Savvatiano** grapes from higher-altitude vineyards
37
Zitsa PDO ## Footnote (wihtin Epirus) * Styles * Grape
Zitsa PDO * **Dry White** * **Sparkling White Dry / Semi Dry** * **100% Debina**
38
Most prominent region for Retsina
**Central Greece**, or **Sterea Ellada** * **Attiki, the region surrounding Athens, is the center of production**
43
Year Naoussa was established as an appellation
**1971**
44
PDO home of Boutari
**Naoussa** PDO ## Footnote (within Macedonia, est 1971) * Boutari - one of Greece's two largest producers and a major force in the modern rejuvenation of Greek winemaking
48
Winemaker that launched Doamine Carras to international acclaim
**Evangelos Gerovassiliou** * **Under the guidance of Émile Peynaud**
50
Domaine Carras Slopes of Meliton PDO Grapes for white blends
* **Assyrtiko** * **Athiri** * **Rhoditis**
55
Epirus 1 PDO
**Zitsa PDO** * **Dry still white** * **Sparkling white dry / semi dry** * **100% Debina**
56
Crete Most planted white grape
**Vilana** * Vidiano (higher acidity, more character) grape is challenging Vilana in popularity with high-quality producers
57
Wine-producing islands in the Ionian archipelago
* **Cephalonia** * **Kerkyra (Corfu)** * **Lefkada** * **Zakynthos**
58
Ionian island that contains all the PDOs in the group
**Cephalonia**
59
Robola of Cephalonia * Styles * Grapes
Robola of Cephalonia * **Dry White** * **100% Robola**
60
Muscat of Cephalonia * Styles * Grape
* **Sweet White (sun dried), White VDN, White VDL, VDN Grand Cru** * **100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Moschato Aspro)**
61
Muscat PDOs ## Footnote *Grand Cru*
Muscat PDO's *Grand Cru* * **Wines produced from estate vineyards with "low yields per ha"**
62
Muscat appellations Must weight levels
* **Sweet Wine:** **300 g/l** **(after drying)** * **VDN:** **238** **g/l** * **VDN Grand Cru:** **252** **g/l** * **VDL:** **221** **g/l**
63
Ionian Islands PDO zones
* **Robola of Cephalonia** * **Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia** * **Muscat of Cephalonia**
64
3 PDO zones est in 2012
* **Candia** * **Malvasia Candia** * **Malvasia Sitia**
65
Most widespread red varietal in the Aegean
**Mandilaria**
66
Sitia * Styles * Grapes
Sitia * **Dry White, Dry Red** * **Red VDL, Red VDN, Vin Liastos** * **White: min 70% Vilana, + Thrapsathiri** * **Red: min 80% Liatiko, + Mandilaria** * **Vin Liastos is 100% Liatiko**
67
Peza * Styles * Grapes
**Peza** * **Dry Red and White** * **White: 100% Vilana** * **Red: Kotsifali, Mandilaria**
68
Dafnes * Styles * Grapes
Dafnes * **Red only** * **Dry, VDL, VDN/Grand Cru, Vin Liastos** * **100% Liatiko**
69
Archanes * Styles * Grapes
**Dry Red Kotsifali and Mandilaria**
70
Candia * Styles * Grapes
Candia * **Dry red and white** * **White: min 85% Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Athiri, Liatiko (vinified white), + Muscat** **Spinas, Malvasia di Candia** * **Red: Kotsifali, Mandilaria**
71
Malvasia Candia PDO * Styles * Grapes * Aging requirements
Malvaisa Candia * **Vin Liastos, VDN** * **Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsani, Liatiko, + max 15% Malvasia di Candia** **Aromatico and/or Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain** * **2 yrs oak**
72
Malvasia Candia, Malvaisa Sitia, Malvasia Paros Vin Liastos * Min must weight * Min RS
* **320 g/l** * **80 g/l**
73
Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO Grapes
**min 51% Malvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa**
74
Zitsa PDO Sparkling RS
Zitsa PDO * **Sparkling White Dry: 17 - 32 g/l** * **Sparkling White Semi Dry: 32 - 50 g/l**
75
Key grapes of Thrace:
Roditis = white Limnio = red
76
Key grape of Macedonia:
Xinomavro = red
77
Key grape of Epirus:
Debina = white
78
Major grape of Thessalia:
Xinomavro = red
79
Major grape of Central Greece (Sterea Ellada):
Savatiano = white
80
Major grapes of the Peloponnese:
Agiorghitiko = red Moschofilero = white
81
Major grapes of the Ionian Islands:
Robola = white Tsaoussi = white
82
Major grapes of the Aegean Islands:
Athiri = white Mandelaria = red Muscat = white Assyrtico = white
83
Major grapes of Crete:
Vidiano = white Vilana = white Liatiko = red Kotsifali = red
84
PDO regions of the Aegean Islands:
Santorini PDO Paros PDO Rhodes PDO Lemnos PDO Samos PDO Muscat of Rhodes PDO Muscat of Lemnos PDO Malvasia Paros PDO
85
PGI Traditional Appellation Retsina Designations in Central Greece:
PGI District Retsina: Attiki (Attica), Evia, Viotia PGI Area Retsina: Karystos, Megara, Mesogeia, Markopoulo, Koropi, Pallini, Peanea, Pikermi, Spata, Ritsona, Thebes (Thiva), Yaltra, Chalkis
86
PDO regions of Crete:
Sitia PDO Peza PDO Daphnes PDO Archanes PDO Candia PDO Malvasia Candia PDO Malvasia Sitia PDO
87
PDO region of Epirus:
Zitsa PDO
88
PDO regions of the Ionian Islands:
Robola of Cephalonia PDO Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
89
PGI Regions of Ionian Islands:
**PGI Verdea (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)** Main Varieties: Min. 50% Skiadopoulo, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos) **PGI Regional Wines:** None **PGI District WInes:** Corfu (Kerkyra), Lefkada, Zakynthos **PGI Area Wines:** Halikouna, Metaxata, Mantzavinata, Slopes of Enos, Kerkyra
90
PDO Regions of Macedonia:
Amynteo PDO Goumenissa PDO Naoussa PDO Slopes of Meliton PDO
91
PDO Regions of Peloponnese:
Nemea PDO Mantinia PDO Patras PDO Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO Muscat of Patras PDO Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
92
PDO Regions of Thessalia:
Anchialos PDO Messenikola PDO Rapsani PDO
93
Where is Boutari located?
Macedonia
94
What styles of wine are produced under the Malvasia Sitia and Malvasia Candia PDOs? How long must they be aged?
Sweet white and vin doux naturel Min 2 years in oak
95
What district surrounds Athens and is the center of production for Retsina in Central Greece?
Attiki
96
Where is the village of Koutsi?
Nemea- is is the most famous village for Agiorgitiko.
97
What are the red and white grapes for the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
Red: Cab Sauv, Cab Franc and Limnio White: Assyrtiko, Athiri and Rhoditis
98
On Samos, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains produces what types of wines?
- Vin de liqueur - Vin doux naturel - Samos Nectar- a naturally sweet version, similar to vin de paille and aged for 6 years
99
What PDO of Thessalia produces whites only? From what grapes?
Anchialos PDO from Phoditis and Savvatiano
100
What is Retsina flavored with?
Aleppo Pine Resin
101
What are the 2 area PGIs of Thrace?
Avdira and Ismaros
102
Where is Domaine Porto Carras located?
Slopes of Meliton
103
What is Limnio?
A red grape that originated on the island of Lemnos. Its importance on the island has diminished. Domaine Porto Carras produces Limnio in the Slopes of Meliton.
104
What Island of Greece is the farthest East?
Rhodes- located closer to Turkey (Asia Minor)
105
What are the 4 PDOs of Peloponnese?
- Namea - Mantinia - Patras - Monemvassia-Malvasia
106
Where is the Namea PDO? What styles of wine are produced and from what grapes?
- Peloponnese - Dry and sweet - Exclusively Agiorgitiko
107
What are the red only PDOs of Crete? What grapes are used?
Archanes- Mandilaria and Kotsifali Dafnes- Liatiko
108
What two PDOs are located on the island of Rhodes? What color wines are produced and from what grapes?
- Rhones PDO - Muscat of Rhodes PDO (rarely encountered) Red- Mandilaria White- Athiri
109
What are the red and white PDOs of Crete?
- Sitia - Peza - Candia
110
What is unique about the Liatiko grape?
- Found only on Crete and a handful of neighboring islands - One of the most ancient varieties under cultivation - Ripens in mid-July and delivers a distinctively 'orange' wine
111
What is Samos Nectar?
- Produced from Moscato Aspro (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains) - Similar to vin de paille; produced from dried grapes - Aged for 6 years prior to release
112
Where is Santorini PDO located?
Santorini Island, part of the Cyclades Islands, North of Crete
113
What is the only PDO of Epirus?
Zitsa PDO
114
What are the 3 dessert wine PDOs of the Patras PDO?
- Muscat of Patras PDO - Muscat of Rio Patras PDO - Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
115
What statement appears on all PDO wine featuring a designation of origin?
'PDO Wines of Greece'
116
Where is the Paros PDO located?
Paros Island, part of the Cyclades Islands, north of Crete
117
What quality levels are below PDO?
- PGI - 'Varietal' wines - 'Table' wines
118
What styles of wine are produced under the Paros PDO and from what grapes?
- Red- Mandilaria - White- monemvassia - Only Greek appellation that mandates a white grape (Monemvassia) in a red blend
119
What does 'Palaiomenos se Vareli' mean on a label? What wines may this be added to?
- It indicated oak aging beyond the required minimums - Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve
120
Who is to progenitor of Mavropdaphne of Patras?
Achaia-Claus Estate Has a Mavrodaphne solera dating to 1882
121
Where is Monemvassia-Malvasia located? What style of wine, from what grape? Aging?
Peloponnese Must be 51% Monemvassia (AKA Malvasia) Sweet Must be aged in an oxidative environment for at least 2 years
122
What are the four wine producing islands of the Ionian Islands?
- Cephalonia - Kerkyra (Corfo) - Lefkada - Zakynthos
123
What are the 2 most planted grapes in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)?
Savvatiano Roditis- the common name for a closely linked family of pink skinned grapes
124
What PDO includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mt. Olympus?
Rapsani PDO
125
What two PDOs are on the island of Lemnos? What styles and from what grapes?
- Lemnos PDO - Muscat of Lemnos PDO - Dry to sweet - Muscat
125
Where is Vinsanto produced in Greece?
- Santorini Island - it was probably named by the Venetians when they ruled the island in the Middle Ages - A dried grape wine
126
What does 'Grand Reserve' indicate for a PDO wine?
- White: min 2 years (1 yr in barrel & 6 m in btl) - Red: min 4 years (18 m in barrel & 18 m in btl)
127
Where is the Patras PDO? What styles of wines, from what grape?
- Peloponnese - Dry whites - 100% Roditis
128
What does 'Reserve' indicate for a PDO wine?
White: min 1 year (6 m in barrel & 3 m in btl) Red: min 2 years (1 yr in barrel & 6 m in bottle)
129
The white wines of Santorini PDO are produced from what grapes?
Assyrtiko sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani
130
What are the two broadly categorized island regions of Greece?
Aegean and Ionian islands
131
Can 'Varietal' and 'Table' wines carry a variety and vintage on the label?
'Varietal' wines may. 'Table' wines may not
132
Where is the Mantinia PDO? What is the major grape?
Peloponnese Moschofilero
133
What is the Greek synonym for St. George?
Agiorgitiko
134
Agiorgitiko performs differently throughout the wide range of elevation and terrain of Nemea. What is the most famous village for it?
Koutsi
135
Where is the Candia PDO? What grapes are used?
- Crete - White: Vilana - Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria
136
What are the 6 main land regions of Greece?
- Macedonia (north) - Epirus (NW) - Peloponnese (S; a peninsula only by virtue of the isthmus of Corinth) - Thessalia (central, just north of Sterea Ellada) - Thrace (NE) - Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
137
What are the two levels of PDO?
- Controlled appellation of Origin (AOC/OPE)- reserved for sweet wines - Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/OPAP)
138
What is Crete's most cultivated white grape?
Vilana -Many talented winemakers prefer Vidiano as it retains more acidity
139
What quality level is Retsina? Verdea?
Both are PGI and classified as Traditional Appellation Wines
140
What are the styles and grapes of Cephalonia PDO?
Dry whites- Robola (unrelated to Ribolla) Sweet- Mavropaphne and Muscat
141
What is Verdea? Where is it located? What grapes?
A Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos Island May share similarities with Jura's vin juane or sherry Grapes: Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Avgoustiatis Often unknown to Greeks
142
What PDO received appellation status as early as 1934? (It is Greece's most famous wine)
Muscat of Samos
143
Where is Goumenissa PDO? What style of wines are produced and from what grapes?
Macedonia Lighter reds from Xinomavro, must contain at least 20% Negoska
144
What styles of wine and from what grape are both Muscat of Patras PDO and Muscat of Rio Patras PDO?
Both may either be vin doux naturel or naturally sweet Produced from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
145
How did Retsina develop its signature flavor?
Wine was transported in amphorae in ancient Greece. Often sealed with pine resin to prevent spoilage. Over time the resulting flavor became an acquired taste
146
What grape is Retsina generally produced from?
Savvatiano (white)
147
When was Greek wine law initially implemented? When were most of the country's appellations established?
Implemented- 1969/1970 Appellations- 1971
148
Where is the Sitia PDO located? What grapes are used?
Crete White: Vilana Red: Liatiko
149
Can Retsina be labelled with a vintage?
No, because it's flavored/manipulated
150
What 2 large producers dominate the Greek market?
Boutari and Tsantali
151
What is Verdea? Where is it located? What grapes?
- A Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos Island - May share similarities with Jura's vin juane or sherry - Grapes: Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Avgoustiatis - Often unknown to Greeks
152
What PDO received appellation status as early as 1934? It is Greeces most famous wine.
Muscat of Samos
153
Where is Goumenissa PDO? What style of wines are produced and from what grapes?
Macedonia - Lighter reds from Xinomavro, must contain at least 20% Negosk
154
What is the only red PDO of Peloponnese?
Nemea PDO
155
Where is the Peza PDO located? What grapes?
Crete White - 100% Vilana Reds - Mandilaria and Kotsifali
156
What is unique about the vine training on Santorini?
The vines are trained close to the ground in the shape of a “stefani” (basket) In order to protect the grapes from fierce Aegean winds and to collect the little moisture in the form of Morning Dew
157
What grapes are used for Mavrodaphne of Patras? Aging? Can it carry a vintage?
Produced from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki (a currant grape, used for enriching the sugar content) Aging - 1 yr in wood, some may remain in cask for a decade or more May be vintage or non-vintage Sweet, fortified red
158
What is the grape of Naoussa PDO? Where is it located?
Xinomavro - Macedonia
159
What is “Cava” in Greece?
It indicates at least one year of aging, w/ 6 mos in oak, for white and rosé PGI wines Reds are min 3 yrs (1 yr in oak)
160
What is the PDO for Domaine Carras? Where is it located?
Slopes of Meliton in Macedonia
161
What quality level integrated the wines of Greece’s former “Vin de Pays” category?
PGI
162
What 2 mainland regions of Greece do not have any PDOs?
Thrace Central Greece
163
What is Greece’s coolest wine region?
Amynteo PDO
164
What is the district PGI of Thrace?
Evros
165
What is the only PDO allowed to produce rosé in Greece?
Amynteo
165
What are the 3 new PDOs of Crete that were added in 2012?
Candia Malvasia Candia Malvasia Sitia
166
What is the southernmost outpost for Xinomavro? What 2 lighter grapes must it be blended with?
Rapsani PDO - Kirasoto and Stavroto
167
Where is Amynteo PDO located? What grape and what style of wine?
Macedonia Xinomavro (100%) Red and Rosé Dry to semisweet, still or sparkling
168
Where is the Messenikola PDO? What color wines are produced?
Thessalia - Red - min 70% Mavro Messenikola, plus Carignan and Syrah
169
When did phylloxera strike the Peloponnese? Crete?
Peloponnese - 1960s Crete - 1970s
170
What is the only PDO of the Ionian Islands?
Cephalonia PDO
171
What is the local synonym for Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains on Samos?
Muscato Aspro
172
What sobriquet is sometimes attached to the wines of Nemea?
“Blood of Hercules” (or “Blood of the lion”)
173
What appellation in Greece is similar to vin de paille? What grape is it produced from?
Samos Nectar Moscato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
174
How long must Samos Nectar be aged?
6 years
175
What is the only Greek appellation that mandates a white grape in a red blend? What grape?
Paros PDO Monemvassia
176
What ancient grape is cultivated mainly on Crete and some neighboring islands?
Liatiko
177
What is the major mountain range of Greece?
Pindos
178
What is Greece's tallest peak?
Mount Olympus, 3000m
179
What are the three seas surrounding Greece?
Aegean - east Ionian - west Libyan - south of Crete
180
What are the only 2 PDO's not entirely dedicated to indigenous varietals?
Slopes of Meliton PDO Messenikola PDO
181
To be bottled as a PDO what % of fruit must be grown/vinified in the appellation?
100%
182
Levels of hierarchy in the modern Greek wine law:
PDO PGI Varietal Table
183
What does "Grand Cru" mean on a Greek wine label?
- applies to certain sweet wines made via Vin Douc Naturel - sourced from select vineyards of a given region - typically from higher elevation sites
184
What does Reserve/Grand Reserve mean on a Greek wine label?
- for PDO wines only - refers to a min oak aging white - 2 years aging, one in barrel, 6mos in bottle red - 4 years aging, 18mos in barrel, 18mos in bottle
185
What's the name for the traditional method of vine-training in Santorini?
Kouloura/Stefani - basket-shaped, prevents grapes from harsh winds
186
What does the term "kitma" refer to on a Greek wine label:
"Estate"
187
Two of Greece's major wine-making families (Boutaris and Tsaotalis) are based in what region?
Macedonia
188
In what region is Amynteo PDO?
Macedonia
189
What style of wine can be made in Amynteo PDO?
Macedonia - dry/red rose - sparkling rose - sparkling rose semi-sweet (32-50 g/L) - Xinomavro
190
Principle grape of Naoussa PDO:
100% Xinomavro
191
What style of wine can be made in Naoussa PDO?
- dry reds (0-4 g/L) - semi-dry reds (4.5-17.5 g/L) - semi-sweet reds (17.5-45 g/L)
192
What mountains are the vineyards of Naoussa planted on?
Mount Vernion
193
What are the 3 Xinomavro-dominant PDO's of Macedonia?
- Goumenisa PDO - Naoussa PDO - Amynteo PDO
194
The Slopes of Meliton PDO is an appellation that applies solely to which estate?
Domaine Porto Carras
195
What are the red and white grape varietals of the Slopes of Meliton?
Red - Cab Sauv, Lemnio, Cab Franc White - Roditis, Assyrtiko, Athiri
196
The Slopes of Meliton was the first PDO (1982) that was allowed to do what?
Use international varietals
197
What famous vineyard in Macedonia are women not allowed to walk in?
Mount Athos Vineyard (over half planted to Cabernet)
198
What is the only PDO outside of Macedonia to feature Xinomavro?
Rapsani in Thessaly
199
What is Greece's smallest PDO?
Rapsani
200
Rapsani PDO's mountain?
Mount Olympus
201
What is the principle grape variety of Rapsani?
Xinomavro w/ Stavrato and Krassato
202
What are the authorized grape varieties of Messenikola PDO?
Min. 70% Mavro Messinkola Max 30% combined Syrah and Carignan
203
Authorized grape varieties in Anchialos PDO?
Min 80% Roditis Max 20% Savvatiano
204
Where may sparkling wine be produced in Greece?
Zitsa PDO (Traditional Method or Tank) Styles: Dry white/Sparkling white: dry, semidry Authorized varieties: 100% Debina
205
Aging requirements of Zitsa PDO?
Aging requirements **Επιλεγμένος (Selected) or Réserve:**These terms are allowed only for dry wines and are interchangeable. Selected or Réserve wines must age for a minimum one year, including at least six months in oak barrels and three months in bottle for white. **Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (Specially Selected) or Grande Réserve:** Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least two years of aging, including a minimum one year in oak barrels and six months in bottle.
206
Sterea Ellada is most associated with what traditional style of wine?
Retsina
207
What are the dominant grape varieties in Retsina?
Savvatiano Roditis
208
What is the largest PDO in Greece?
Patras PDO (Peloponnese)
209
The Peloponnese is separated from the Greek mainland by which gulf?
Gulf of Corinthe
210
What are the 4 sweet wine-producing PDO's of the Peloponnese?
- Mavrodaphne of Patras - Muscat of Patras - Muscat of Riot Patras - Monemvassia - Malvasia
211
What is the main grape of the Nemea PDO?
Agiogitiko
212
Who produces "Megas Oenos", variety/location?
Produced by Shouras from Nemea - blend of Agiogitiko, Cab Sauv - cannot be labelled as PDO
213
Name the most famous "Cru" of Nemea?
Koutsi
214
Name the major grape varieties of the Mantinia PDO:
min 85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes
215
Name the grape variety of Patras PDO?
100% Roditis
216
What grape is commonly blended w/ Mavrodaphne to make sweet wine?
Corinthiaki (usually used to make raisins)
217
Are mavrodaphne wines always fortified? (Patras)
Yes Can be VDN or VDL
218
What is the exclusive grape variety of Muscat of Patras/Muscat of Rio Patras PDO's?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
219
What are the main varietals of Monembasia Malavasia PDO?
min 51% Monemvasia plus Assytiko, Aspourdes, Kydonitsa
220
What is the wine style of Monemvasia-Malavasia PDO?
- grapes must be dried - **Styles:** Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried) Fortified Sweet White (VDN) **Aging Requirements:** Min. 2 years in an oxidative environment (if the wine is aged for a longer period, it may be aged for 4 years, or in multiples of 4 years thereafter) - no chapitalization
221
What are the aging requirements for Reserve?
**Whites**: 1 yr total, 6mos barrel, 3mos bottle **Reds**: 2 yrs total, 1yr barrel, 6mos bottle
222
What are the aging requirements for Grand Reserva?
**Whites**: 2 yrs total, 1 yr barrel, 6mos bottle **Reds**: 4 yrs total, 18mos barrel, 18mos bottle
223
Does the Ionian Islands claim a regional PGI?
No, only part of Greece who doesn't
224
What is the Ionean Sea a continuation of?
Southern continuation of the Adriatic
225
What's the main grape varietal for PGI Verdea?
PGI Verdea (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos) Main Varieties: Min. 50% Skiadopoulo, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos)
226
Where do we find some of the highest levels of rainfall in Greece?
Ionian Islands, increases fungal infections
227
How many of the 7 Ionian Islands are viticulturally important?
4, most important being Cephalonia (Kefalonia)
228
What is the only Ionian Island to possess any PDO's?
Cephalonia
229
What is the most important PDO of Cephalonia?
Robola of Cephalonia PDO - 100% Robolo, dry white - elegant and refreshing - appellation is fragmented
230
Where do the best examples of Robola of Cephalonia come from?
The rich slopes of Mount Ainos, rocky limestone
231
Muscat of Cephalonia can be made in three methods:
- Vin doux - Vin doux naturel - Vin naturellement doux
232
What dessert wine is made in Cephalonia? (Ionian Islands) (there are 2)
Muscat of Cephalonia PDO - located on the western end of the island - made exclusively from Muscat Blanc Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia - fortified sweet red - made from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korintiaki
233
To be labelled as Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO, the wine must be _____
Fortified, though no specific method is required
234
Dessert wines of Cephalonia:
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia Muscat of Cephalonia
235
What grapes is Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO made from?
Styles: fortified sweet red Authorized varieties: minimum 50% Mavrodaphne, plus Mavri Korinthiaki (the latter must be co-fermented)
236
What is the **Zakynthos** appellation known for?
**Verdea PGI (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)** the only other Traditional PGI wine besides Retsina Main Varieties: **Min. 50% Skiadopoulo**, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos)
237
Verdea PGI Regulations?
- min 50% Skiadopoulo (white) - high in alcohol, dry, oxidative tone from extended aging
238
What grape does we find on the Lefkada Island north of Cephalonia?
Vertzami (Lefkaditiko) - high sugar phenolic grape
239
What are the 4 islands of the Aegean Islands?
- Cyclades - Dodecanese - North Aegean - Sporades
240
PDO's of the Aegean Islands (Cyclades):
Santorini Paros Rhodes Lamnos Samos Muscat of Rhodes Muscat of Samos Malvasia Paros
241
What is the soil of Santorini (Cyclades, Aegean Islands)?
Very poor volcanic soil, almost no organic matter - tinted black with volcanic basalt - no phylloxera
242
Most widely-planted grape in Santorini?
Assyrtiko, 80% of all vines
243
What are Santorini's other white grapes/blending partners?
Athiri Aidani Thrapsathiri Platani
244
What are Santorini's red grapes?
Mandilaria Mavrotragano Aidani Mavro
245
Santorini Vin Santo regulations:
Vinsanto: Min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri, Aidani, and "small amounts" of other traditional grapes, including Katsanó, Monemvassia, Gaidouria, Vinsanto: Vintage wines must be aged for at least 2 years in barrels, and aging must occur on the islands of Thera or Thirasia. If released with an aging statement rather than a vintage, vinsanto must have been aged in an oxidative manner for at least 4 years. The aging statement on the bottle may only be listed as a multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16, etc.).
246
What unusual dry wine is a historic product of Santorini?
Nykteri (Also included in the PDO) - made with very ripe grapes that are harvest before dawn and pressed w/in a day - aged for a min three months in barrel - flor develops - full-bodied, distinctive wine high in both alcohol and acidity
247
What is the red dessert wine "Mezza" produced from?
air-dried Mandilaria grapes from Rhodes in Aegean Islands
248
What is Paros PDO's other major product?
Marble, Aegean Islands
249
Where would we find the Mount Profitis peak?
Paros PDO
250
What is the only instance of a dry red PDO in Greece allowing the inclusion of a white grape?
Paros PDO allows min 35% Mandilaria (red) co-fermented with Monemvasia (white)
251
What is the largest Dodecanese Island? Mountain?
Dodecanese is within Aegean Islands - Rhodes PDO is largest island - Mount Atavyros
252
Rhodes was formerly a large producer of ______
"Greek Champagne" Tradition of sparkling wine producer is CAIR, an unofficial cooperative
253
What are the grapes of Rhodes?
Athiri (White) Mandilaria (Red) Assyrtiko (White) Malagousia (White)
254
What grape is indigenous to the Island of Rhodes?
Mavrothiriko
255
White, still, or sparkling wines in Rhodes must be composed of _______
min 70% Athiri (w/ a balance of Assyrtiko and Malagousia)
256
Rhode's reds and roses must be composed of _____
a min 70% Madilaria w/ a balance of Mavrothiriko
257
Nickname for Muscat Blanc?
Moschato Aspro
258
Out of the 5 north Aegean Islands, which 2 possess PDO's for sweet muscat?
Lemnos PDO Samos PDO
259
What mountain do we find on Samos?
Mount Ampelo
260
The Slopes of Mount Ampelos PGI is for the production of?
dry whites from Muscat
261
Synonym for Madilaria?
Amorgiano
262
What are the national spirits of Greece?
Tsipouro Ouzo
263
What are the differences between Tsipouro and Ouzo?
Tsiopouro is SOMETIMES anise-flavored, Ouzo is ALWAY anise-flavored. Both are from distilled grape pomace, Ouzo is served w/ small plates called Mezedes at weddings.
264
First commercial distillery for Ouzo?
Tyrnavos in 1856
265
Min % ABV for Ouzo?
37.5%
266
Where would we find a dry red from the native Limnio grape?
the PDO of Lemnos (Aegean Islands)
267
Muscat of Lemnos PDO?
- made from Muscat of Alexandria - fully sweet - wines made be dried/and or fortified - considered second in quality to Samos, more fruit-forward and simplistic
268
Which "seas" does Crete seperate?
Aegean and Libyan
269
Crete is divided into two by a large mountain range, are you more likely to find viticulture in the North of South?
North, best sites sit on higher slopes
270
What is the soil of Crete?
more fertile than Cyclades, has more limestone mixed with clay
271
What are Crete's most important districts for viticulture?
Iraklio (most important) - contains 5/7 of Crete's PDO's, leader of commerce and viticulture, complex mountain topography Hania
272
What are Crete's highest peaks?
Mount Psiloritis Mount Lefka Ori Mount Dikti
273
Peza PDO is from where?
Peza PDO - Iraklio District - Crete
274
What are wines from Peza PDO made from? (Crete)
Whites - Vidana Reds - Katsifali, Mandilaria
275
What are Sitia PDO wines made from? (Crete)
Authorized Varieties: White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari) Natural Sweet Red Wine: 100% Liatiko
276
Dessert wines from Sitia PDO must be made entirely from ________
100% Liatiko (natural sweet red wine)
277
Name the famous Greek philosopher who praised the wines of the island of Lesbos?
Plato
278
In Greek wine, what does the term "Krasis" refer to?
The blend of different grape varieties.
279
What does the term "Nykteri" mean in the context of Greek wines?
Nykteri is a traditional wine from Santorini that is made during the night harvest.
280
Name the Greek god of wine, winemaking, and grape cultivation.
Dionysus
281
What is the minimum alcohol content required for a wine to be labeled as "Vinsanto" in Greece?
14%
282
What is the traditional Greek toast used when raising a glass of wine?
"Yamas!"
283
Which famous Greek winery is credited with reviving the ancient art of Retsina production using modern techniques?
Tetramythos Winery
284
Which Greek winery produces the renowned red wine "Skouras Grand Cuvée" from the Agiorgitiko grape variety?
Domaine Skouras
285
Which winery is credited with producing the first single-varietal Malagousia wine, bringing recognition to this ancient Greek grape variety?
Ktima Pavlidis
286
Describe wines from Samos PDO?
Dry to fortified white wines made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
287
What is considered the national drink of Greece? What is a classic food pairing ?
Ouzo Octopus, sardines and shellfish are perfect food match.
288
Achaia Clauss, Antonopoulos, Katogi Averoff, Kourtakis, Parparoussis and Tetramythos are all great well known producers from wich PDO?
Patras PDO
289
What’s the color of each grape? Malagousia Robola Mandilaria Agiorgitiko Moschofilero Ronditis Kotsifali Limnio Savatiano Assyrtiko Xinomavro Mavrodaphne
Malagousia----White Robola----------White Mandilaria------Red Agiorgitiko------Red Moschofilero—White Ronditis----------White. Kotsifali----------Red Limnio------------Red. Savatiano--------White Assyrtiko---------White Xinomavro------Red Mavrodaphne—Red
290
Most famous Greek beer?
Mythos
291
The PDO of Amynteo is allowed to produce what types of sparkling wine?
Dry and semi-sweet rosé
292
Name the three Xinomavro-dominant PDOs of Macedonia
Goumenissa, Naoussa, Amynteo
293
What is the Greek equivalent of grappa?
Tsipouro
294
By what means does the Nemea PDO allow for the production of sweet wine?
Vin de Liqueur, Vin Doux Naturel, Vin Naturellement Doux, adding concentrated grape must to dry wines
295
What is/are Asproudes?
A catch-all term for indigenous white grapes
296
Malvasia is commonly thought to derive its name from this peninsula that recently achieved its own PDO
Monemvassia
297
Stylistically what should you expect from Nykteri wines?
Alcoholically strong, possibly barrel influenced white wines that show some oxidative character
298
What indigenous grape does the CAIR winery of Rhodes most commonly use for their sparkling wines?
Athiri
298
From what milk(s) may Feta be made?
Sheep’s milk with upwards of 30% goat milk
299
Which of the following PDO has the highest elevation range? Lemnos Naoussa Goumenissa Mantinia
Lemnos 0-300 masl Naoussa 80-350 masl Goumenissa 150-300 masl Mantinia $$ 660masl avg
300
What is the aging requirements for Mavrodaphne of Patras Grand Reserve? Min. 3yr after final blend Min. 5 yr, min 2 years in oak/2 years in bottle Min. 7 yr, min 3 years in oak/3 years in bottle Min. 10 yr, min 4 years in oak/4 years in bottle
Min. 3yr after final blend Min. 5 yr, min 2 years in oak/2 years in bottle Min. 7 yr, min 3 years in oak/3 years in bottle $$$ Min. 10 yr, min 4 years in oak/4 years in bottle
301
Name a PDO that produces Vin doux Naturel from Pelopennese?
**Monemvasia-Malvasia** - Min. 51% Monemvassia, Assyrtiko, Asproudas min. 2 years oxidative aging **Muscat of Patras** - VdN, VdN Grand Cru, (+VdL) 100% Moschato Aspro **Muscat of Rio Patras** - VdN Gran
302
What Aegean Island is Santorini on?
Thea
303
What is "Aspa"?
Name of the volcanic soil in Santorini.
304
The soils of Santorini are exceptionally poor of ________________, resulting in low pH soils which gives Assyrtiko its high-acid profile
Iron Magnesium Calcium Potassium $$
305
What does Nikteri/Nychteri mean on this label?
Means “Night”, grapes are pressed at night, $60 retail
306
Name 2 producers of Greek Brandy?
Metaxa - top producer Dark Cave - 5yr Tsipouro
307
What island of Greece is farthest to the east?
Rhodes, close to Turkey
308
White Gran Reserva wines may not age in barrels larger than what size
600L
309
What does Cava mean on a PGI label?
Refers to oak aging
310
What does **Palaiomenos se vareli** mean on a label?
for wines labeled Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve it means the wine has aged longer than the minimum required
311
What are two major wines included in the PDO category?
Retsina (pine resin aromatized wine), Verdea (an oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea)*PGI category integrates the wines of Greece's former Vin de Payes category- Topikos Inos
312
PGI zones are divided into what levels?
Regional-major regions of Greece ex: Peleponnese district- peripheral units (a political state) area- so small it may be only a single estate
313
Though Greece abounds in dessert wine, Grand Cru designation only applies to what grapes?
Certain Muscats, sweet Liatiko from Crete's Daphnes PDO
314
What regions are included in the Greek mainland?
Thrace, Macedonia, Central Greece (Sterea Ellada), Peleponnese, Macedonia, Epirus, Thessalia,
315
The Greek Islands are broadly categorized into what two categories?
Aegean, Ionian
316
All 33 of Greece's PDO's are dedicated to indigenous varieties except which two?
Slopes of Meliton and Messenikola
317
What is the generic term for white grapes?
Asproudi (aspro=white), plural Asproudes
318
How many wineries does Boutari have and where?
7- Noussa, Santorini, Crete, Matinia, Goumenissa, Attica
319
How many wineries does Tsantali have and where?
6- Noussa, Santorini Rapsani, Mount Athos, Halkidiki, Thrace
320
Who are two of the larger producers that dominate the wine industry of modern Greece?
Boutari and Tsantali
321
What are the two levels fo PDO quality wine?
Controlled appellation of origini (AOC, OPE)- reserved for sweet wines / Appellation of Superior Qualty (AOSQ, OPAP)
322
What is the best SPK (and one of the country's only) produced by Domaine Tselepos?
Amalia Brut- Moshofilero, named after Yiannis' wife, traditional method
323
What cooperative from Rhodes was the only traditional method SPK producer in Greece for decades?
CAIR (Campagnia Agricola Industriale Rodi) which mainly utitlized the Athiri grape
324
Where is most sparkling wine production coming from?
Zitsa, Epirus Amyndeo, Island of Rhodes
325
Which varieties are often encountered in Greek fizz?
Debina, Xinomavro, Athiri, Moschofilero
326
Thesaly is a large fertile plain surrounded by what mountain range?
The Pindos Mountains- includes Mt. Olympus
327
What are the most planted grapes of Thessaly?
Muscat of Hamburg- for table grapes and Tsipouro mostly and Roditis; once home to many native grapes but phyloxerra chang
328
What is the topography of the Rapsani PDO?
Composed of a handful of villages on the southeastern slopes of Mount Olympus at 150-800 meters
329
What are the grapes of Rapsani PDO?
principal: Xinomavro / authorized: Krassato, Stavroto (Ambelakiotiko); historically these were all parts of a blend; these are produced as dry reds, reserve or grand reserve
330
What winery owns no vineyards in Rapsani but vinifies 95% of its fruit?
Tsantali
331
What region neighboring Thrace is home to some of Greece's best dry wines?
Macedonia
332
What are the four PDO regions of Macedonia?
Amynteo PDO Goumenissa PDO Naoussa PDO Slopes of Meliton PDO
333
Which of Macedonia's PDOs produce reds solely from the firmly tannic Xonomavro grape?
Naoussa PDO Amynteo PDO
334
Which PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of at least 20% Negoska?
Goumenissa PDO
335
Which PDO is home to Boutari and authorized for dry, semi-dry, and semi-sweet Xinomavro?
Naoussa PDO
336
What grapes make the red PDO wines of Slopes of Meliton?
Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc the native Limnio
337
What are the white grapes of Slopes of Meliton?
Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
338
Evangelos Gerovassilious, the winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim under guidance of Emile Peynaud, brought back what white grape from the brink of extinction?
Malagousia
339
What is made in Zitsa PDO?
dry, semisweet and sparkling wines from the Debinia grape
340
What port city is on Macedonia's coast and also Greece's second largest city?
Thessaloniki
341
What style of wine is the specialty of Macedonia?
reds from Xinomavro
342
What other red grape is also widely planted but not considered as high in quality and not included in PDOs?
Moschomavro
343
The western rim of Macedonia bumps up against what mountain range?
Pindos Range
344
What district (also a PGI) contains Amynteo PDO?
Florina- one of the coldest pockets of Greece
345
What is the topography of Amynteo PDO?
Occupies plateau that sits between 520-720m, vineyards are mostly flat, plateau is ringed by mountains, features some of Greece's only lakes which moderate the climate wine which is continental
346
What are the main soils of Amynteo PDO?
In some places limestone and loam are prevalent but dominant soil is sand
347
What styles of wine are made in the Amynteo PDO?
only Xinomavro (variety of styles through red, rosé, and SPK (sweet or dry)
348
In addition to Amynteo, what are the other Xinomavro appellations (PDOs) of Macedonia? How do they differ from Amynteo in style?
Naoussa and Goumenissa; Amynteo is leaner and lighter because it Is colder
349
To be labeled PDO Amynteo sparkling must be what style?
Xinomavro rosé (PGI Blanc de Noirs and sparkling Assyrtiko can be great also)
350
Naoussa's vineyards are on the slopes of what mountain?
Mount Vermion (popular ski destination)
351
Which winery was the first to bottle wine in Greece and started in Naoussa in 1879?
Boutari
352
What is the vineyard topography , soil and size of Slopes of Meliton?
450 hectares under vine; one of the largest vineyards in Greece; sandy loam with limestone, vineyards 100-350m, many steep with terracing; Mediterannean climate
353
What is the sole commune of production for Slopes of Meliton PDO?
Neos Marmaras
354
What area (a district PDO) is east of Naoussa PDO, along the Aegean coast, one of the most widely planted parts of Macedonia and readily identified by three fingerlike penninsulas?
Halkidiki PGI
355
What PDO is home to Domaine Porto Carras?
Slopes of Meliton PDO; monopole; central peninsula of Halkidiki
356
What commune of Naoussa PDO is home to Kir-Yianni?
Ramnista
357
What PDO in Thessalia, south of Macedonia, includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mount Olympus?
Rapsani PDO- the southernmost outpost for the Xinomavro+B78:B87 grape; tannin and acid are softened by the warmer climate an mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes
358
What are all 3 PDO regions in Thessalia?
Rapsani PDO Anchialalos PDO Messenikola PDO
359
What type of wines are produced in the high-altitude Anchialos PDO?
White wines blended from Roditis (min 75%) and Savvatiano (max 25%)
360
What styles of wine are produced in the Messenikola PDO?
Dry reds from min 70% Mavro Messenikola and a max 30% combined Syrah/Carignan
361
What is the sole PDO of Epirus?
Zitsa PDO
362
What is the center of production for Retsina?
Attiki, the region surrounding Athens in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
363
Are there any PDO zones in Central Greece?
No
364
What are the main grapes of Central Greece?
Savvatiano- preferred for Retsina, low acid; keeps some verietal character when resinated / Roditis- common name for a closely linked family of pink-skinned grapes
365
Peleponnese, a peninsula only by virtue of the narrow Isthmus of Corinth, directly south of Sterea Ellada has cultivation concentrated where in the region?
in the north around the 3 PDO zones
366
What are the three northern PDO zones of Peleponnese?
Nemea PDO Matinia PDO Patras PDO
367
Both dry and sweet Nemea wines are produced from what grape?
Agiorgitiko (Saint George)- softly tannic, intensely fruity, black grape; one of Greece's noble grapes
368
What is Koutsi?
One of the most famous communes of Nemea- Agiorgitiko performs differently throughout the wide range of elevations and terrain in Nemea
369
What is the nickname for the wines of Nemea?
"Blood of Hercules"
370
What is the principal grape of Matinia PDO?
Moschofilero- min 85% with Asproudes
371
Patras is an appellation for dry white wines from what grape?
100% Roditis
372
What are the three dessert wine PDOs of Patras?
Muscat of Patras PDO Muscat of Rio Patras PDO Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
373
What category of dessert wine are Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras?
May be either VDN or naturally sweet in style
374
What grape is the Muscat used in Patras wines?
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
375
What are the two grapes of Mavrodaphne of Patras?
Mavrodaphne ("black laurel") and Mavri Kornthiaki (a currant grape used to enrich the sugar content of the wine)
376
What style of wine is made in Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO, a small zone on the southeastern coast of Peleponnese?
Sweet white wines from min. 51% Monemvassia (Malvasia) w/ Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Hydonitsa ; aged oxidatively for 2 years
377
What is the largest PDO of Peleponnese and Greece?
Patras PDO
378
The Peleponnese is separated from the mainland by which body of water?
The Gulf of Corinth
379
What is the topography of the Peleponnese?
Mountainous seven peaks approach 2,000m; these mountains are mainly limestone and mark the beginning of the Hellenic trench, an important fault area where the African plate and the Eurasian plate meet
380
What Aegean wind affects the Peloponnese?
Meltemi
381
What are the only PDO regions to allow Rose production in Greece?
Amynteo (in Macedonia) and Rhodes.
382
What is the island of Samos most known for?
Samos PDO Liastos, VDN (GC), VDL 100% Moscato Aspro. The Liastos is called Samos Nectar similar to vin de Paille Up to 5 years aging. Dried to 300 g/L.
383
What is Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains known as in Samos?
Moscato Aspro
384
What are the aging classification of PDO wines in Greece?
Reserve Grand Reserve Palaiomenos se vareli
385
What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Goumenissa?
Macedonia Dry reds from Xinomavro with 20% min Negoska
386
What is the southernmost outpost for Xinomovro? Any other grapes allowed?
Rapsani near Mount Olympus in Thessalia. Krassato and Stavroto
387
What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Anchialos?
Thessalia dry to semi sweet whites 80% Roditits plus max 20% Savvatiano.
388
What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Messinikola?
Thessalia dry reds from 70% Messinikola plus Carignan and Syrah.
389
What is vinsanto?
sweet dried grape wine made on Santorini 51% Assyrtiko plus Aidani and others. Aged for a minimum of two years.
390
What are the grand crus of Greece?
The following all have single vineyard grand cru designations. Muscat of Rhodes Muscat of Lemnos Muscat of Cephalonia Muscat of Patras Muscat of Rio Patras Samos Dafnes
391
What is Liastos?
A sun-dried wine
392
What is Achaia Clauss?
Winery in Patras (famous for Mavrodaphne)
393
What is Gerovassiliou known for?
Malagousia in Thessaloniki.
394
What countries border Greece?
Albania Macedonia Bulgaria Turkey
395
What is Mavroudi?
An indigenous variety in Greece but also a generic term for unknown red grapes (mavro means "black").
396
How much pine resin is allowed in Retsina production? How is it added?
Sap is added during first half of fermentation and can account for .15 to 1.0 % of the wines final volume.
397
What is Kokkineli?
Rose of Retsina made from Roditis
398
Which wine region has the hottest climate of Greece?
Attica is hottest and also the driest
399
Why do Assyrtiko and Aidani thrive on Santorini?
They are very drought tolerant. Wood of trunks is very hard and protects the grapes from the wind. Naturally high in acid despite the hot climate.
400
What color are the skins of Roditis?
Pink
401
Where is Mount Vernon?
Naoussa
402
Where is Mount Paiko?
Goumenissa
403
What is a Mezza?
Red dessert wine made from air dried Mandilaria on Santorini
404
Why are most vines of Crete on the northern half of the island?
E/W mountains block the hot African wind that blows from the South.
405
What is an "Ampeylon"?
"Chateau"
406
Mountains of Crete?
Psiloritis (Ida)
Greece
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