general

Question 1

cause of polyarthralgia/ polyarthritis

Answer 1

bacterial arthritis (staphylococcal, streptococcal, gonococcal, meningococcal)
bacterial endocarditis
viral arthritis
reactive arthritis
crystal-induced arthritis: gout, pseduogout,
RA
seronegative arthritis: ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD
CT disease: SLE, systemic vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, Still’s disease
other: sarcoidosis, palindromic rheumatism, malignancy, hyperlipoproteinemia, Lyme disease, rheumatic fevwer

Question 2

difference of symptoms between inflammatory and degenerative arthritis

Answer 2

inflammatory

• pain at rest, relieved by motion
• morning stiff > 1hour
• warm, erythema, swelling
• malalignment/ deformity
• exta-articular manifestations

degenerative

• pain with motion, relieved by rest
• morning stiff

Question 3

important test for joint fluid analysis

Answer 3

3 c

• cell count and differential
• culture and gram stain (bac, mycobac, fungi)
• crystal (microscopy with polarized light)

Question 4

what does gout and pseudogout look like under micrscopy with polarized light

Answer 4

gout (monosodium urate) -> needle shape, negatively birefringent (yellow)

pseuodogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) -> rhomboid shape, +ve birfingent (blue)

Question 5

jt fluid white cell count, clarity, % of neutrophils for normal, non-inflame, inflame, septic

Answer 5

classification clarity WBC/ml % of neutrophils
normal transparent 90

Question 6

causes of monoaritis

Answer 6

infective
- septic arthritis (stepa, gonococcal, fungi)
- tuberculous arthritis
crystal induced arthritis
- gout/ pseudogout
trauma
- overuse
- haemarthrosis
degenerative 
- OA
monoarthritic onset of RA
spondyloarhtritis:
- ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
less commone:
neoplastic - tumour
or AVN