Champagne > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

(89 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Dom Perignon was the cellar master at what Abbey? From when to when?

A
  • Abbey of Hautvillers
  • from 1668 until his death in 1715
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vineyards in Champagne date back to what century?

A

5th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oldest Champagne house still in operation today and year founded

A
  • Gosset, founded 1584 as still wine producer
  • Ruinart, est 1729, can claim to be the oldest sparkling Champagne house
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

A

French chemist and statesman for whom the process of chaptalization is named, identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation in a seminal 1801 work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Andre Francois

A

Andre Francois figured out the measurement of the precise amount of sugar required to induce second fermentation without breaking the bottle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st Brut Champagne

A
  • Pommery “Nature”
  • 1874
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Year Champagne region was delimited by the French government

A

1908

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Year Aube was reinstated as a full region of Champagne

A

1927

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Commision de Chalons

Year est.

A
  • Consortium of growers and merchants formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
  • 1935
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Champagne

4 permitted pruning methods

A
  • Cordon de Royat
  • Chablis
  • Vallee de la Marne
  • Guyot (double and simple)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Champagne

Avg. vine age

A

around 20 years

  • as the lower productivity of old vines is undesirable to most houses in Champagne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Number of villages with grand cru status

A

17 grand crus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Number of villages classified as premier cru

A

42 premier cru

  • acording to their rankings in the Echelle de Crus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

echelle (“scale”) rating for grand cru village

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

echelle rating for classified premier cru

A

90 - 99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NM (Negociant Manipulant)

3 examples

A
  • Moet et Chandon
  • Louis Roederer
  • Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
  • Billecart-Salmon
  • Lanson
  • Taittinger
  • Pol Roger
  • Perrier Jouet
  • Mumm
  • Laurient-Perrier

larger Champagne houses with the most interantional presence are invariably in this category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NM

A

Negociant Manipulant

  • House that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses
  • Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RM

A

Recoltant Manipulant

  • Grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit
  • 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CM

A

Cooperative Manipulant

  • Grower’s co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RC

A

Recoltant Cooperateur

  • Grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SR

A

Societe de Recoltants

  • Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ND

A

Negociant Distributeur

  • Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MA

A

Marche d’Acheteur

Buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RM (Recoltant Manipulant)

% of the grapes that must originate in the producer’s own vineyards

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Number of liters of must that may be extracted from 160 kg of grapes Year CIVC set the limit
* **102 liters of must** / 160 kg of grapes * or, 2,550 liters / 4,000 kg * CIVC set the limit in 1992
26
The 2,550 liters of must, extracted from the 4,000 kg of grapes, is pressed and divided into what two parts?
* ***vin de cuvee*** (first 2,050 liters) * ***vin de taille*** (the following 500 liters) - usually richer in pigment and tannin, and many producers sell off this lesser component of the must or include it in a minor proportion as a structural element in a blend
27
*Vin de cuvee*
**1st 2,050 liters of the press** ## Footnote (out of a total of 2,550 liters)
28
*Vin de taille*
**500 liters from the 2nd part of the press** ## Footnote (out of a total 2,550 liters)
29
3rd press, required by law
***rebeche*** * Must comprise 1-10% of the total * Used for distillate, not Champagne
30
How long does 2nd fermentation generally last?
**up to 8 weeks** * As the yeast slowly convert the additional sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide
31
Appx alcohol increase after 2nd fermentation
**1.2-1.3%**
32
Philipponnat 'Clos de Goisses' Vintage of the original release
**1935** * Benchmark botting for *Single Vineyard Champagne*
33
Special Club * Year est. * Number of grower-producers at the time
* **1971** * **12 grower-producers**
34
dosage, *liqueur d'expedition*
**Liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine added after degorgement that determines level of sweetness**
35
Wire cage on a bottle of Champagne
***muselet***
36
*liqueur de tirage*
**Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that serve to ignite second fermentation**
37
chaptalization
***Chaptalization* - common winemaking process whereby the final alcoholic strength of a wine is increased by the addition of sugar to the grape juice or must**
38
Champagne NV (Non Vintage) * Min time with lees prior to degorgement
**12 months**
39
Champagne NV (Non Vintage) * Min time in bottle prior to release
12 months with the lees, **15 months in bottle**
40
Vintage Champagne * Min time in bottle prior to release
**36 months**
41
Champagne 2 still wine AOPs
* **Coteaux Champenois** - covers still red, white, and rose wines from the entire appellation * **Rose de Riceys** - reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube
42
Bottle sizes * Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) * Half Bottle (Demi) * Bottle * Magnum * Jeroboam * Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) * Methuselah * Salmanazar * Balthazar * Nebuchadnezzar * Solomon
* Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) - **187 ml** * Half Bottle (Demi) - **375 ml** * Bottle - **750 ml** * Magnum - **1.5 L (2 bottles)** * Jeroboam - **3 L (4 bottles)** * Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) **- 4.5 L (6 bottles)** * Methuselah **- 6 L (8 bottles)** * Salmanazar **- 9 L (12 bottles)** * Balthazar **- 12 L (16 bottles)** * Nebuchadnezzar - **15 L (20 bottles)** * Solomon - **18 L (24 bottles)**
43
*pupitre*
***pupitre*** ## Footnote **Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright "A" shape, with 60 angled holes cut into each plank of wood that holds the bottles for remuage/riddling**
44
Recent Top Vintages of Champagne
**2006** - Rich fruit, finesse **2004** - High quantity and quality, elegance **2002** - Ripe, concentrated, extroverted **2000** - Decent quality, but "novelty" of the millenium **1998** - Very large quantity that did not sacrifice quality **1997** - High quality often overlooked by 95s and 96s **1996** - Outstanding, very high acidity, powerful fruit **1995** - Generous fruit, low alcohol levels **1990** - Dense, powerful aromatics **1989** - Powerful, generous, rich **1988** - Classic, finessed, conservative
45
Montagne de Reims Grand Cru Villages
* **Sillery** * **Puisieulx** * **Beaumont-sur-Vesle** * **Verzenay** * **Mailly Champagne** * **Verzy\*** * **Louvois** * **Bouzy** * **Ambonnay** ## Footnote \* added after 1985
46
Vallée de la Marne Grand Cru Villages
* **Aÿ** (red grapes 100%, white grapes 90%) * **Tours-sur-Marne**
47
Côte de Blancs Grand Cru Villages
* **Chouilly\*** (white grapes 100%, red grapes 95%) * **Oiry\*** * **Cramant** * **Avize** * **Oger\*** * **Le Mesnil-sur-Oger\*** ## Footnote \* added after 1985
48
Montagne de Reims ## Footnote Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**26** * **Avenay-Val-d'Or** * **Bezannes** * **Billy-le-Grand** * **Chamery** * **Chigny-les-Roses** * **Cormontreuil** * **Coulommes-la-Montagne** * **Écueil** * **Jouy-lès-Reims** * **Ludes** * **Les Mesneux** * **Montbré** * **Pargny-lès-Reims** * **Rilly-la-Montagne** * **Sacy** * **Sermiers** * **Taissy** * **Tauxières-Mutry** * **Trépail** * **Trois-Puits** * **Vaudemange** * **Villers-Allerand** * **Villers-aux-Nœuds** * **Ville-Dommange** * **Villers-Marmery** * **Vrigny**
49
Côte de Blancs Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**9** ## Footnote (B,C,E - G,P,V - V,V,V) * **Bergères-lès-Vertus** * **Cuis** * **Étréchy** * **Grauves** * **Pierry** (Coligny) * **Val-des-Marais** * **Vertus** * **Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny** * **Voipreux**
50
Vallée de la Marne Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**7** * **Bisseuil** * **Champillon** * **Cumières** * **Dizy** * **Hautvillers** * **Mareuil-sur-Ay** * **Mutigny**
51
*bouvreux*
Rain often interrupts flowering, resulting in a *bouvreux*, or ***second crop***, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine
52
Piccolo
**Quarter bottle / 187mL**
53
Demi
**Half bottle / 375mL**
54
Magnum
**2 bottles / 1.5L** * **Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L** * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
55
Jeroboam
**Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * **Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L** * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
56
Rehoboam
**Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * **Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L** * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
57
Methuselah
**Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * **Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L** * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
58
Salamanazar
**Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * **Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L** * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
59
Balthazar
**Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * **Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L** * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
60
Nebuchadnezzar
**Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * **Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L** * Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
61
Solomon
​**Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L** * Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L * Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L * Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L * Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L * Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L * Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L * Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L * **Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L**
62
Solomon Bordelais synonym
**Melchior**
63
Rehoboam Year discontinued
**1989**
64
Champagne Extra Brut
**Extra Brut 0-6 g/L** * Brut Nature\* 0-3 g/L * **Extra Brut 0-6 g/L** * Brut 0-12 g/L * Extra Dry 12-17 g/L * Sec 17-32 g/L * Demi-Sec 32-50 g/L * Doux 50 g/L
65
Champagne Brut
**0-12 g/L** * Brut Nature\* 0-3 g/L * Extra Brut 0-6 g/L * **Brut 0-12 g/L** * Extra Dry 12-17 g/L * Sec 17-32 g/L * Demi-Sec 32-50 g/L * Doux 50 g/L
66
Champagne Dry
**12-17 g/L**
67
Champagne Sec
**17-32 g/L**
68
Champagne Demi-Sec
**32-50 g/L**
69
Champagne Doux
**50+ g/L**
70
s*ur pointe*
**Bottles held in an upside-down vertical position**
71
*dégorgement à la glace*
**The modern method, bottles are dipped in a freezing brine solution to freeze the sediment and a small portion of wine before disgorging.**
72
*dégorgement à la volée*
**The traditional method, which uses the air bubble trapped in the bottle to eject the sediment plug.**
73
Champagne * Two regions with no Grand Cru villages
* **Côte de Sézanne
** * **Côte des Bars (Aube)**
74
Why is Meunier so widely planted in the Vallée de la Marne?
**It buds late and ripens early, which is good in a frost-prone region.**
75
*blocage*
**The reserve of wine stocks for future vintages**
76
*deblocage*
**The release of reserved wine for use in a vintage**
77
Only two Premier Crus with a 99% rating
* **Tauxières** (Montagne de Reims) * **Mareuil-sur-Ay** (Vallée de la Marne)

78
Year min. value of 80 was set for the Échelle de Crus.
**1985**
79
Year ranking in the Échelle de Crus changed from a set price to a recommendation of pricing.
**1990**
80
4 minor grapes of Champagne
* **Pinot Blanc (Vrai)** * **Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)** * **Petit Meslier** * **Arbane**
81
What is unique about Champagne's labeling?
**They are the only AOC/AOP that is not required to include "Appellation Contrôlée/Protégée" on the label.**
82
Who founded the Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), and when?
**Robert-Jean de Vogüé (Moët et Chandon) in 1941**
83
NM/ND/MA are prohibited from farming more than how much land (whether owned or rented)?
**15 ha**
84
1st Prestige Cuvée
**Dom Pérignon (Moët et Chandon), 1921**
85
Year INAO expand the boundaries of Champagne
**2009, for the first time since 1927**
86
Champagne Latitude
**48th Parallel**
87
Four major 18th century Champagne houses
* **Moët et Chandon** * **Veuve Cliquot** * **Taittinger** * **Delamotte**
88
Who developed *remuage*?
**Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, 1816**
89
Where do the terms pétillant, crémant (demi-mousseux) and grand mousseux originate?
**The unpredictable variance in the level of mousse in early champagnes**
Champagne
flashcards
Decks in class (6)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions