The extension of enamel over the bifurcation is …….
considered pathologic (due to increase incidence of periodontal disease) * This means that the CEJ is more than a descriptive term
The distance from alveolar bone crest to the CEJ is ..
1.5 mm
What are the numbering systems?
- Universal
- Palmer
- FDI (federal) 5-6/7-8 for primary, and
1-2/3-4 for permanent
Tooth development involves the interaction between ….. & …….
epithelium and mesenchyme
The morphology and the position of the developing teeth is the outcome of ……..
interaction between protein ligands, transcription factors & receptors
Eruption is …..
continuous tooth movement from the tooth bud to the occlusal contact
The primary dentition is considered complete when ……..
the second primary molar is in occlusion at about the age of 29 months
* Completion of the root of the canine occurs about 3.5 years of age
The emergence of the first permanent molar marks …….
the beginning of the mixed dentition period
* This period ends when all the primary teeth are lost
Cervical ridge is found in ……
buccal surface of the cervical third.
- in all primary teeth, and permanent molars
- Very prominent in primary teeth
Root formation of the primary teeth is completed by …..
3rd year
Unassisted maximum opening is …., while for the maximum for the lateral movement is …..
Maximum protrusion from incisal edge is ……
40+ mm
12 mm
5 mm
Border movement of the mandible is ……
while functional movement ……
- the limits to which the mandible can move
* occur within the border positions
What is the innervation for the TMJ?
- Posterior (bilaminar zone) and lateral TMJ: auriculotemporal n.
- Anterior TMJ: deep temporal n.
* Bilaminar zone is two layers, superior (elastic) and inferior (collagenous)
What are the accessory TMJ ligaments?
- Sphenomandibular ligament: attaches the sphenoid to the lingula
- Stylomandibular ligament: attaches the styloid process to the angle of the mandible
What are the primary ligaments of the TMJ?
- Medial and lateral capsular ligament
2. Temporomandibular ligament (has two fibers arrangement, outer oblique and inner horizontal)
Maximum opening of the mouth means ….. & …… of the condyles
maximum rotation and maximum translation
Hinge rotation occurs in ……., while translational movement occurs in …..
lower joint space
upper joint space
An action or rotation that occurs in one joint may produce a different action at the other. T/F??
True
What is the origin and the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle??
- Superior head: origin is the greater sphenoid wing. Insertion is the anterior condyle and joint capsule
- Inferior head: origin the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. Insertion is pterygoid fovea and condylar capsule
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
- Protrude the mandible along the mandibular tubercle
- Depress the mandible (open mouth)
- Individually, they assist the medial pterygoid in lateral movement (side to side)
What is the innervation of the diagastric muscle?
- Anterior head: branch of the mylohyoid muscle (V3)
2. Posterior head: digastric branch of the facial nerve
All teeth are wider faciolingualy than mesiodistally except ………. & …….
lower molars and max. central and lateral incisors
Mand. molars are wider …… than Max. molars
mesiodistally
Ant. Max. incisors are wider …… than lower incisors
mesiodistally
