Empson
“All the characters are on trial in any civilised narrative”
Benedict
Shame vs guilt culture distinction made
Fowler - ekphrasis
‘Represents a pause at the level of narration’, forcing reader to stop/pay attention
Hunter - similes
“call attention to the very fictionality of what is being described”
What can the Greek verb ‘to rule’ refer to?
Either head of oikos or a King - oikos/polis tension
Boland - epic
‘the epic is the triumph of cosmos over
chaos, of man’s ability to act in a civilized manner over
man’s ability to act in a bestial manner’