Transducers cannot be ____ sterilized.
Thermally
What is the order of systemic circulation?
LV > aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > veins > IVC/SVC > RA
What is the order of pulmonary circulation?
RV > PA > lungs > pulmonary veins > LA
Peripheral resistance and arterial resistance affect the ____ of blood leaving the heart.
Amount
Systemic pressure is ___ at the heart and gradually ____ as it moves through the arterial system.
Greatest, decreases
____ are responsible for regulating resistance in the tissue.
Arterioles
____ are only composed of intimal tissues to allow perfusion of the surrounding tissues and the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues.
Capillaries
What is the equation for calculating resistance?
8nL / πr^4
n = blood viscosity
L = length of blood vessel
Poiseuille’s equation demonstrates the relationship between ____, ____, and ____.
Pressure, flow volumes, and resistance
____ and ____ are responsible for autoregulation of arterial flow volumes.
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Exercise has what effect on the arterial circulation?
Vasodilation
The adrenal glands release ____, which causes vasoconstriction.
Norepinephrine
____ laminar flow has the highest velocities at the center layers and slower velocities at the outer layers due to energy loss from friction.
Laminar flow
___% diameter stenosis and ___% area stenosis are considered hemodynamically significant in most arteries.
50% diameter stenosis and 75% area stenosis
Exercise normally increases slow throughout the body to ___-___ times the resting flow.
3-5 times
A bruit is an abnormal ____ and a thrill is an abnormal ____.
Sound in a blood vessel; sensation over a blood vessel
Longer acceleration times for an extremity waveform indicate ____ stenosis.
Proximal
Veins hold ___ of all blood in the body.
2/3
Normal venous volume <____mL.
< 150 mL
____ pressure determines the shape of a vessel.
Transmural
Movement of venous blood occurs due to ____ and the ____.
Respiration and the calf muscle pump
Spontaneous flow is detected in the vein without ____.
Augmentation
Spontaneous flow is an expected finding in all veins, except:
Calf veins and superficial veins
