True or false a molecule can be a neurotransmitter and hormone
True
example=NE, EP, Oxytocin
Describe how endocrine and exocrine release their products
Exo= release products into ISF or blood surround secretory cells
Endo=secrete products into ducts that release into body cavities, organ lumens, or the skin
True or false receptors are located inside and outside of cells
True
When would be a hormonal receptor be down regulated and when would it be up regulated
down=when there is too much hormone, so cell tries to become less sensitive to that hormone
up= when there is too little hormone present, so cell tries to become more sensitive to that hormone
Contrast circulating vs local hormones
Circulating= hormone enters the blood stream and enters systemic circulation and stays there for min to hrs
Local= act on neighboring cells w/o enter blood stream
What is a paracrine hormone
local hormone that acts on neighbor cells
What is a autocrine hormone
local hormone that acts on the same cell
What are the 2 major classes of hormones based on their chemical structure
Amino acid
Steroids
What are the general characteristics of amino acid hormones
- Derived from AA
- Water soluble, so they can travel unbound in blood
- Cannot pass through cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the outside of the cell
What are the general characteristics of steroid hormones
- Derived from cholesterol
- Hydrophobic/lipid soluble so must travel in blood bound to a carrier protein
- Can freely pass through cell membrane so binds to receptors on the inside of the cell
What AA’s are amine hormones derived from
Tyrosine or Tryptophan
List the steroid hormones
Almost all in ONE
- Aldosterone
- Cortisone/Corticosterone/Cortisol
- Testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, Progesterone, Estrogen
- Calcitriol
Do you need to remember all the amino hormones
No just memorize the steroid hormones and if its not one of those its water soluble
