General Principles

Question 1

Development milestones during toddlerhood

(Gross motor, fine motor, language, social/cognitive)

1. 12 months
2. 18 months
3. 2 years
4. 3 years
5. 4 years
6. 5 years

Answer 1

Question 2

Skills necessary to begin toilet training

Answer 2

Usually ready to start at >=2 years; But bedwetting is normal until age 5

1. Voluntarily control sphincters
2. Walk
3. Remove pants
4. Follow 2-step commands
5. Communicate the need to urinate and stool
6. Imittate actions of other people (e.g., sit on toilet)

Question 3

Answer 3

Constipation

Question 4

Answer 4

Cryptorchidism

Question 5

Developmental milestones during first year of life (Gross motor, fine motor, language, social/cognitive)

1. 2 months
2. 4 months
3. 6 months
4. 9 months
5. 12 months

Answer 5

By 12 months, babies should triple their weight and their height should increase by 50%

Question 6

Blunt abdominal trauma with a negative fast

Answer 6

Should have a CT (despite negative fast) if high risk features are present: anemia, guarding

Question 7

Persistant pneumothorax and significant air leak following chest tube placement

Blunt chest trauma

Pneumomediastinum

Subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 7

Tracheobronchial rupture

Question 8

Causes of posteroperative fever

Answer 8

Question 9

Most frequent cause of nosocomial bloodstream infectionin patients with intravascular devices

Answer 9

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Question 10

Timeline of cause of posteroperative fever (Timing, causes)

1. Immediate
2. Acute
3. Subacute
4. Delayed

Answer 10

Question 11

Immunologic blood transusion reactions (Clinical features and etiology)

1. Febrile nonhemolytic
2. Acute hemolytic
3. Delayed hemolytic
4. Anaphylactic
5. Urticarial/allergic
6. Transfusion-related acute lung injury

Answer 11

Question 12

Organisms causing UTIs related to indwelling urinary catheters

Answer 12

Enteric organisms

• Escheria coli*
• Klebsiella pneumoniae*
• Proteus mirabilis*

Question 13

Management of blunt abdominal trauma in hemodynamically unstable patients

Answer 13

Question 14

Gunshot would below this level can potentially involve the abdomen and requires exploratory laparotomy in unstable patients

Answer 14

Nipple level (4th intercostal space)

Question 15

Answer 15

Pink stains or brick dust in neonatal diapers represents uric acid crystals.

Uric acid excretion is especially high at birth and decreases until adolescence.

Commonly seen during first week, or in later months with the morning void after the infant begins to sleep through the night.

Question 16

Evaluation of neonatal dehydration

1. Signs of dehydration
2. Management of weight loss

Answer 16

Question 17

Glasgow coma scale (GCS)

Answer 17

Ability to open eyes

Motor response

Verbal response