Generalization & Maintenance

Question 1

Agoraphobia

Answer 1

The fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong

• people tend to stay in their homes (safe space) causing anxiety and panic attacks

Question 2

Generalization

Answer 2

Behavior that occurs in the presence of an S^D that is similar to that used in training

• Behavior change that exists BEYOND the training program)

Question 3

3 Types of Generalization

Answer 3

1. Response Maintnance
2. Transfer of Behavior accross Situation & Settings
3. Response Generalization

Question 4

Response Maintenance

Answer 4

Extension of behavior change OVER TIME, after program/treatment is OVER

Question 5

Transfer of Behavior accross Situations & Settings

Answer 5

Behavior change takes place in NEW/DIFFERENT SETTINGS and circumstances

Question 6

Response Generalization

Answer 6

Altering 1 behavior leads to CHANGES in another that MAY be related to the target behavior

Question 7

Premoting Generalization

Answer 7

1. Exploit Natural Contingencies
2. Train Diversity
3. Incorporate Functional Mediators

Question 8

Natural Contingencies

Answer 8

• Contingencies that occur NATURALLY in the environment
• INCLUDE the antecedents and consequences that affect target behavior
• ex: touching hot stove by ACCIDENT will affect behavior

Question 9

Train Diversity

Answer 9

Training conditions have been tightly controlled, using highly consistent stimuli

• allow VARIATIONS in the antecedent stimuli, reponses and consequences

Question 10

Functional Mediators

Answer 10

A stimulus that occurs BETWEEN training & generalization; which facilitates/PREMOTES generalization

• ex: reffering note cards before giving a presentation

Question 11

Reinforce Generalization

Answer 11

Provide reinforcement when target behavior is preformed OUTSIDE of the training situation

Question 12

Behavioral Trap

Answer 12

Behavior that has been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped”(maintained) by NATURAL reinforcers

Question 13

How to Set Up a Behavioral Trap

Answer 13

1. Identify your PREY (select behaviors that have natural reinforcers with frequent practice)
2. Find some BAIT (what do they like?)
3. Set the TRAP (place coveted materials in the person’s path)
4. Maintain your TRAP LINE (start SMALL, gradually progress to more COMPLEX)
5. APPRAISE your catch (make modifications if needed)

Question 14

Thin the Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 14

Switching from CONTINUOUS to INTERMITTENT schedule
- gradually DECREASE FREQUENCY of reinforcement

Question 15

Expand Stimulus Control

Answer 15

Incorporate a wide range of stimulus situations in training
- usually a NARROW range of S^Ds are used during training
- Generalization MAY NOT occur if a different S^D is introduced

Question 16

In-Situ Training

Answer 16

Training occurs in the NATURAL ENVIRONMENT after an In-Situ Assessment where person DOES NOT preform the target behavior

• Person DOES NOT KNOW they are being assessed!!

Question 17

Response Class

Answer 17

Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses
- each response serves the same function (leads to same outcome/consequence)
- ex: learning to use pen, pencil, or crayon to write name

Question 18

General Case Training (General Case Programming)

Answer 18

Use a range of antecedents as well as a range of responses
“General Case”= The goal.target behavior that occurs beyond the training situation

• ex: Teaches telephone skills (improv)
• ex: different soap dispensers

Question 19

How to Impliment Generalization Strategies

Answer 19

1. Identify target stimulus situation
2. Identify natural contingencies of reinforcement for behavior
3. Implement appropriate strategies to premote generalization
4. Measure generalization of behavior change

Question 20

Booster Program

Answer 20

Additional intervention sessions

Question 21

Generalization Probes

Answer 21

Trials that check whether the person preforms the behavior with relevant, natural antecedents/contexts