What does PESTLE stand for and can you give me an example of each element?
P - Political - change to government, trade agreements/tariffs, new legislation.
E - Economical - inflation, cost of living, interest rate changes, job market influencing recruitment or salaries.
S - Socio-Cultural - changing customer expectations i.e. digital services preference, cultural attitudes, social norms, demographics i.e. ageing population, hybrid working, lifestyle trends i.e. health consciousness, self development
T - Technical - increase in AI, ChatGPT and automation, data analytics.
L - Legal - new regulations, GDPR, industry specific licensing/standards.
E - Environmental - pressure to review and reduce carbon footprint i.e. energy usage, waste management/recycling, environmental regulations impacting supply chain operations and production methods.
What are examples of tangible costs?
Staff costs (salaries), Project staff, Equipment, Software packages (COTS), Infrastructure, Training.
What are examples of intangible costs?
Recruitment, Resistance to change, Reduced morale of staff caused by change, Productivity dip, Customer inconvenience if service disruption
What are examples of tangible benefits?
Staff cost savings, Increased revenue, Reduced effort and improved speed of working, Process efficiencies i.e. response rate or turnaround time measured by reporting
What are examples of intangible benefits?
Customer or employee satisfaction, increased communication or collaboration across teams, better market image
Can you give me some examples of process efficiencies?
Automation - manual checking or validation steps that could be replaced with automated scripted rules.
Hand offs - work passed between multiple departments where information gets lost or misunderstood. Create templates to share information, that way it’s clear and consistent and agreed between departments so everybody has a shared understanding.
Bottle necks - multiple individuals to sign off approvals rather than one individual.
What needs to be captured in a ‘Process’ as part of MBP?
Actors, Tasks, Business Rules, Customer (of process), Events (triggers), Outcomes of process.
What needs to be captured in a ‘Task’ as part of MBP?
Name of task, Actor, Event (trigger), Inputs to task, Outputs expected, Costs, Measures/metrics applied (performance), Standards (constraints), Business rules (to be followed), Detailed breakdown of steps within the task.
What is OPOPOT?
This stands for One Person, One Place, One Time and is applied to a task. For e.g. Customer Services agent sends email.
What are the types of Feasibility and give me examples of each?
Business - does it align with the business culture and strategy? is it achievable in current market conditions? Acceptable to regulators? Align with other processes? Is it possible based on business capabilities i.e. capacity, skillsets?
Technical - meets organisations levels of system performance, availability, reliability, security? Is it scalable? Compatible with interdependent systems?
Financial - does organisation have necessary funds or credit facility to borrow funds? Is there an acceptable ROI after applying investment appraisal technique.
Give me an example of a risk
Give me an example of an impact
What are the different competencies of a BA and can you give me examples of each?
Personal attributes - attention to detail, problem solving, communication, influencing, relationship building
Professional techniques - stakeholder management, business process modelling, requirements engineering, investigation techniques, gap analysis
Business domain knowledge - subject matter expertise, commercial awareness, organisation structures, digital technology
Can you give me examples of each element of the Resource Audit?
Human - employees, management
Physical - properties, equipment, vehicles
Financial - cash flow, investments, credit facility, profitability
Reputation - brand, employer, supplier, accreditations and awards
Know-how - intellectual property i.e. patents, knowledge resources i.e. operational procedures, knowledge of customer preferences
Can you give me an example of a functional/non-functional/general/technical requirement?
Business:
General - business policies, standards and compliance. For e.g. need to comply with Data Protection legislation, comply with branding, business continuity (disaster recovery plan), budget and timescales i.e. must be delivered in 6 months and not exceed £50,000.
Technical - technical policies and constraints of the organisation which apply to solutions of all projects. Selected hardware to be used i.e. technology equipment, machinery, vehicles, selected software i.e. operating systems such as Windows 10 and applications, must integrate with existing system applications, interoperability for exchanging data across different networks i.e. internal comms like MB network and then communicating with external suppliers or partners
Solution:
Functional - features a solution should provide i.e. describes what system must do. For e.g. user can search information on system, system shall display information on page.
Non-functional - specify how the system must perform, performance, usability, security, availability. For e.g. search results must show in 2 seconds, customer data must be encrypted, system must be available 99.9% of the time.
What things do I need in a requirement?
ID, Name, Description, Type of Requirement, Rationale, Acceptance Criteria, Dependencies (Associated NFRs), Business Area, Stakeholders, Owner, Source, Author, Priority, Supporting Docs, Comments, Resolution (outcome of requirement), Version History
What are the requirement filters?
