Explain the process of DNA Extraction
The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cells
Explain the process of cutting DNA
Biologists use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into smaller pieces. Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotide
Recombinant DNA
DNA made from 2 different sources
Explain the process of Gel Electrophoresis
- Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments
- The DNA fragments are poured into wells
- An electrical voltage is applied, which moves the DNA across the gel. Smaller strands move quicker
- Based of size, the DNA fragments make a pattern of BANDS on the gel
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
It’s used to compare the genomes of different organisms or individuals. Also can be used to locate and identify one particular gene in an individuals genome
What is Polymerase Chain Reactions used for?
Making copies of genes
Explain the process of a Polymerase Chain Reaction
- DNA is extracted and cut up using restriction enzymes
- Add pieces of DNA
- DNA is heated, H-Bonds separate
- Temperature is dropped, primase starts replicating and polymerase finishes
- Heat/Cool cycle repeats
Plasmid
Small circular molecule of DNA
Explain the Process of Transforming Bacteria
- During transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
- Foreign DNA is first joined to a plasmid
- If the transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the organisms chromosomes
Transgenic
Contains genetic material from other organisms
Explain the importance on transgenic animals
Animals (ie.mice) have been produced with human genes to make their immune systems similar to humans. This allows scientists to study the effects of diseases of the. human immune system
