genetics

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

father of genetics

Question 2

Mendel’s theory of heredity

Answer 2

-for each trait that is expressed there are 2 units of inheritance, mom and dad

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

alleles inherited from parents, can be homologous or heterozygous

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

physical expression, can be dominant or recessive

Question 5

punnet square

Answer 5

used to predict likely genotypes and phenotypes

Question 6

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 6

46

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

deoxyribonucleic acid

-double helix shaped

Question 8

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer 8

-reference the process of DNA replication in their paper

Question 9

dna helicase

Answer 9

enzyme that unzips the DNA

Question 10

leading strand

Answer 10

grows continuosly

Question 11

DNA polymerase

Answer 11

forms new dna strands

Question 12

ligase

Answer 12

joins new DNA segments together

Question 13

Replication

Answer 13

cells are actively dividing

• semiconservative process
• end product is 2 dna double helices

Question 14

transcription

Answer 14

• begins w/ initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a promoter, this unwinds the helix and delivers new complimentary strands
• in elongation, the strands continue to grow until they reach a stop codon

Question 15

translation

Answer 15

• converts mRNA into a functional protein
• begins w/ codon recognition
• requires that the 5’ end binds to a ribosome and tRNA carries a anticodon and facilitates peptide bond formation