Genetics

Question 1

What stage does Synapsis occur in meiosis ?

Answer 1

Prophase I

Question 2

What genetic configuration disrupts Mendel’s law of genetics?

Answer 2

Linked genes on the same chromosome

Question 3

What are the conditions needed for Hardy Weinberg equations to hold true?

Answer 3

1. no mutations
2. no natural selection
3. Random mating
4. Large Population
5. no migration

Question 4

how many generations are required to restore Hardy Weinberg equilibrium if disrupted?

Answer 4

1 generation

Question 5

When can natural selection occur?

Answer 5

if there is genetic diversity

Question 6

How does hardy Weinberg impact allele frequencies?

Answer 6

The Hardy-Weinberg theory states that allele frequencies will be UNCHANGING if certain conditions are met

Question 7

Describe the components of a genome

Answer 7

Human genome:
- has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes), comprised of 22 autosomal pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
-Each gene has only 1 locus.
There are 4 RNA bases (U, C, G, A) and 64 possible codons.

Question 8

What is ELISA used for?

Answer 8

ELISA (Enzyme-linked imunno absorbent assay)
-ELISA uses fluorescent or enzyme-linked antibodies to find either antigen or other antibodies in a person’s serum

Question 9

What is western blotting?

Answer 9

Western blots use antibodies to detect specific PROTEINS in a given sample of tissue extract.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate native or denatured proteins by the length and charge of the polypeptide (

Question 10

What is PCR Amplification ?

Answer 10

PCR amplification allows you to take a specific sequence of DNA and make multiple copies of it.

Question 11

What is FISH (lab technique) used for?

Answer 11

FISH can identify a range of mutations including deletions, duplications, aneuploidy, and the presence of derivative chromosomes
(Flourescence in situ hybridization)

Question 12

What is a test cross?

Answer 12

A testcross is used to determine whether an individual with a dominant trait (and an unknown genotype) is heterozygous or homozygous

Question 13

What is a back cross ?

Answer 13

back”cross implies that the individual is crossed “back” to a member of the previous generation

Question 14

What is the result of inbreeding?

Answer 14

inbreeding results in an increase in the frequencies of all homozygous genotypes,

Question 15

What is effect of assortive mating ?

Answer 15

while assortive mating only increases the frequency of homozygosity in the trait being selected for

Question 16

What can occur as a result of reproductive isolation ?

Answer 16

SPECIATION
reproductive isolation will cause species to diverge and create New species

Question 17

what type of cell continually divides and gets replaced ?

Answer 17

intestinal epithelial cell

Question 18

How do viruses gain entry into a cell ?

Answer 18

all viruses gain entry by recognition of cell surface PROTEINS (receptors) by viral proteins

Question 19

what is the result of endocytosis ?

Answer 19

Endocytosis results in material being internalized into the endosome and lysosomes for destruction