Surgical Procedures 1 > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

retroperitoneal space

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2
Q

what do the kidneys regulate?

A

blood volume and composition

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3
Q

vascularity/blood supply of the kidneys (2)

A
  • highly vascularized

- receive blood from renal arteries

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4
Q

pedicle/hilum composition and relation (4)

A
  • lymphatics
  • nerves
  • blood vessels
  • entering the hilum*
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5
Q

what is the renal parenchyma and what is it made up of? (2)

A
  • substance of kidney found within fibrous capsule

- further divided into renal cortex and renal medulla

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6
Q

perirenal fat pad functions (2)

A
  • anchors kidney in place

- protects from trauma

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7
Q

nephrectomy: PT position

A

lateral with kidney rest elevated

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8
Q

nephrectomy: incision

A

flank incision

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9
Q

nephrectomy: pedicle clamp

A
  • occludes renal pedicle during ligation*

- giant right angle

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10
Q

what is excised during radical nephrectomy? (4)

A
  • adrenal gland
  • kidney
  • perirenal fat/fascia
  • periaortic lymph nodes
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11
Q

what is the most common site for recipient of kidney transplant?

A

right iliac fossa

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12
Q

adrenal glands are located in the… (2)

A
  • retroperitoneal space

- superior pole of each kidney

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13
Q

what is secreted by the adrenal glands? (3)

A
  • sex hormones
  • steroids
  • epinephrine
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14
Q

ureters are located in the

A

retroperitoneal space

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15
Q

length of ureters

A
  • 25-30cm*

- firbomuscular tubes

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16
Q

how do ureters propel urine?

A

undergo peristaltic waves to propel urine

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17
Q

calculi/symptoms (7)

A
  • stones that form in kidney
  • painful and frequent urination
  • flank pain
  • oliguria
  • nausea and vomitting
  • UTI
  • hematuria
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18
Q

urolithiasis

A

PT forms calculi in urinary collecting system

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19
Q

strictures- 3 common areas where calculi form as result of narrowing

A
  • uretero-pelvic junction
  • uretero-vesical junction
  • ureters cross over external iliac vessels
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20
Q

ureteroscopy: pathophysiology (2)

A
  • tumors

- strictures

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21
Q

capacity of bladder

A

350-700ml

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22
Q

3 corners of the trigone (2)

A
  • orifices of the ureters

- bladder neck

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23
Q

male/female urethra length

24
Q

other name for incontinence

25
Describe prep performed on cystoscopy PTs? (3)
- pubic area including perineum - external genitalia - extends to thighs
26
cystoscopy: position
-lithotomy
27
indications for cystoscopy (7)
- hematuria - UTI - fistulas - urinary retention - incontinence - calculi - bladder tumors
28
irrigation used for diagnostic cystoscopy (2)
- distilled water | - cell lysing effect
29
disinfection of cystoscopy instruments
glutaraldehyde (cider)
30
why is cystoscopy considered wound class 2
* controlled entry into aerodigestive urinary tract* | - high level disinfection sufficient instead of sterilization
31
radical cystectomy performed on PTs with
invasive malignant disease of the bladder
32
what is removed in radical cystectomy? (4)
- entire bladder - lymph nodes nearby - part of urethra - organs containing cancer cells nearby
33
illeal conduit is..
-diversion technique in which segment of bowel is utilized to create neobladder that drains through stoma into collection device
34
what supplies blood to the bladder and what must be done to it in order to remove bladder?
- inferior vesical artery | - ligated and divided in order to remove bladder
35
what is the prostate gland? (2)
- periurethral gland found in males | - composed of 4-5 glandular regions
36
what do secretions from prostate gland do?
-viability and mobility of sperm
37
What are the indications for a transurethral prostatectomy?
* BPH – benign prostatic hypertrophy* | - enlargement of organ or tissue due to increase in size of cells
38
What is an ellick evacuator and what is it used for during TURP?
-a double bowled glass instrument used to aspirate resected tissue during TURP
39
What type of irrigation is used for TURP and why? (4)
* glycine* * non-electrolytic irrigation for TURP* - prevents burning of entire bladder - no conduction - isotonic
40
3 types of resectoscopes used for TURP (3)
- iglesias - nesbit - baumrucker
41
function of 3-way foley catheter in TURP procedure? (3)
- pressure hemostasis - bladder irrigation - urine elimination
42
Sound used and function for TURP procedure?
* van buren sound* | - used to dilate meatus and urethra
43
TURP procedure complications? (5)
* hemorrhage (most common)* - SSI - urethral stricture - urethral injury - TURP SYNDROME
44
suprapubic prostatectomy: definition/aka
* aka trans-vesicocapsular prostatectomy* * care taken to avoid injury to ureters* - enucleation of hyperplastic prostate adenoma
45
simple retropubic prostatectomy approach
*extravesical approach*
46
how is prostate dissected during suprapubic prostatectomy?
bluntly dissected by surgeons fingers
47
What is phimosis?
-foreskin cannot be contracted due to congenital narrowing of opening of foreskin
48
What is paraphimosis?
-foreskin cannot be reduced due to being trapped by glans penis
49
What is balanoposthitis (balanitis)?
-inflammation of the glans penis
50
What are the two devices used to facilitate circumcision? (2)
- gamco device | - plastibell
51
What is a chordee?
-painful downward curvature of the penis on erection
52
penectomy definition
surgical removal of the penis for medical or personal reasons
53
Name 3 types of indwelling catheters used for suprapubic bladder drainage?
- pezzar - malecot - foley
54
hydrocelectomy: pathophysiology
collected serous fluid in membrane surrounding the tunic vaginalis
55
orchiopexy
fixation in scrotum of undecided testis
56
What is cryptorchidism/ who does it affect? (2)
- undescended testicles | - premi babies
57
What is a testicular torsion and how is it repaired? (2)
- twisting of the spermatic cord | - can cause necrosis
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