diuretics MOA
- work directly on the nephron
- limit water and sodium reabsorption to dec blood volume and BP
ACEi MOA
- block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- inc vasodilation, dec vasoconstriction
- dec sodium and water retention
ARBs MOA
- block binding of angiotensin II
- dec vasoconstriction and BP
- do not have dry cough bc they don’t act on bradykinin
what is the segmental innervation of the kidney?
T10-L1
what is the referral pattern of the kidney?
- lumbar spine (ipsilateral flank)
- upper abdomen
what is the segmental innervation of the ureter?
T11-L2, S2-S4
what is the referral pattern of the ureter?
- groin
- upper and lower abdomen
- suprapubic region
- scrotum
- medial and proximal thigh
- thoracolumbar region
what is the segmental innervation of the bladder?
T11-L2, S2-S4
what is the referral pattern of the bladder?
- sacral apex
- suprapubic region
- thoracolumbar region
define dysuria
painful burning or discomfort during urination
define nocturia
urinary frequency at night (more than once)
define hematuria
blood in the urine
define proteinuria
urine appears foamy
define oliguria
- very low urine output
- less than 400 mL in 24 hrs
what does brown urine indicate?
kidney issues
what does orange urine indicate?
liver issues
what does inc BUN indicate?
- dec renal function
- dehydration
- inc protein intake
- CHF
- urinary obstruction
- acute infection
